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UNNATURAL TRANSFORMATION OF A CITY: THE CASE OF ISTANBUL
Abstract
As every living thing, cities change within years. It can be said changing is the nature of the city. In Europe, transformation of the city began to get different meanings after the Industrial Revolution. Because with the Industrial Revolution more and more people began to migrate to cities but cities didn't have enough substructure to take people in. They had to meet the requirements so they began to transform. This situation, which happened in Europe in 19th and beginning of the 20th century, began to be seen in Turkey in 1950s. The Marshall Plan which is a financial aid given by America to Turkey had an important role to transform the cities in Turkey, especially Istanbul. With this aid industrialization in Istanbul began to increase and cultivated areas began to decrease. Industrialization promotes migration. Because to continue its existence it needs more labor force and on the other hand modern people want to live in cities. Because it is thought that you can have a modern life only if you live in a city. And when these two circumstances come together migration will be an inevitable ending. If a city is transformed with an unnatural way, problems are began to be seen. One of these problems is transforming the place according to its value. Once a place becomes valuable, no matter if it needs to transform or not, the power wants to change the place into an attraction center. This kind of transformations can be called unnatural. In this study the urban transformation which does not happen naturally but by the power is searched. It is examined on the sample of Istanbul: Zeytinburnu and TarlabaЕџД± Urban Renewal Projects. The examples are chosen from the urban transformation projects which have wide media coverage. It is examined how these areas are transformed with force.
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