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The aim of this survey was to identify the hierarchy of most important aspects of what primary, secondary and high-school students, from six schools, in three Romanian cities would describe as “The School of My Dreams” (the ideal school). The methodology used was content analysis of a questionnaire with open answers written by students, along with drawings, on empty postcards. The question was: How would look like the school of your dreams? The answers were written after a discussion on school buildings from d...

The article is an analysis of the contemporary shape of special economic zones in Poland. The attempt presents the complexity of spatial and landscape interactions observed at the interface between privileged areas and urban and suburban spaces. Special economic zones had a strong influence on changes taking place in the Polish economy, labor market, social processes and spatial transformation of the city and regions. Currently, SEZ have become one of the symbols of the Polish political transformation. They are no...

Josef Frank (1885-1967) certainly occupies a prominent place in the central European architectural scenery of the early twentieth century. His work is entirely devoted to living and of course, in addition to having designed furniture, furnishings and beautiful fabrics, Frank designs and creates architectures. The furniture and objects of furniture that he produces in Vienna at the beginning of the twenties, born on the idea of English furniture from which he takes inspiration to reinterpret the models and adapting...

In the 19th century, urbanization and transport in European cities contributed creation of industrial territories, reducing areas of natural greenery, but changes at social life altered the attitude towards nature: the natural environment has been replaced by man-made cultivated roadside and walking allees provided a functional link between green areas of various significance, uniting parks and squares into one system. In the mid- 19th century, functional issues at European largest cities as Berlin, Paris, Vienna,...

In the 19th century, urbanization and transport in European cities contributed creation of industrial territories, reducing areas of natural greenery, but changes at social life altered the attitude towards nature: the natural environment has been replaced by man-made cultivated roadside and walking allees provided a functional link between green areas of various significance, uniting parks and squares into one system. In the mid- 19th century, functional issues at European largest cities as Berlin, Paris, Vienna,...

Architecture works with signs and symbols, the key to reading it always depending on the cultural environment and historical time. Today, as in the past, the architectural forms of Orthodox churches are governed by tradition. In the construction of a church, the expressive variations of contemporary constructive systems are often ignored, being considered as not conforming to tradition. What is tradition? Where does tradition begin and where does it end? What is and what is not traditional? These are just a few of...

The world is undergoing rapid urbanization and Malaysia is not an exception with more than 75 percent of its population currently living in urban centres. This brought about numerous urbanization concerns that must be addressed comprehensively and aligned to the United NationВ’s target of Sustainable Development Goal 11 of Sustainable Cities and Communities. One approach of tackling urbanization challenges is with institutions producing competent urban planners with the industry contributing significantly in the d...

A strict connection exists between mobility patterns and urban quality. The cities that throughout time gave priority to public transport, bicycles and pedestrians against the use of private car are those which today are characterized by a higher urban and life quality. Nevertheless, most of contemporary cities grew according to the model of “spread metropolis” generating suburbs that eluded, more or less consciously, the monitoring of the authorities, in which public space, dominated by the automobile, totall...

The urban structure reflects different stages of its life cycle land use efficiency. Extensive development of Slovak cities in the second half of the 20th century in combination with the construction method, demands on infrastructure and transformation of the industry, caused that there is an enormous number of dysfunctional, unused, empty areas and degraded sites in our cities. Such areas can be regarded as a problem, but above all as a potential and driving force for re-development, the city's urban vitality gen...

Design strategy requires the proper order of actions. Each stage of an investment focuses on the data set and the results of the investigations conducted. A virtual 3D model and computer simulations facilitate and accelerate the work of designers. Thanks to proper planning and consequent implementation of the schedule the whole project is carried out in a timely manner. The proper logistics of actions, combined with the implementation strategy, translates also into the amount of the expenses incurred. Specified or...

Walking is the most primary form of transporting. It is the socially equitable mode most accessible to the masses. However, transportation technology primarily the car has caused the desertion of the pedestrian space. Consequently, the phenomenon created a degradation of the pedestrian environment. In many cities the abandonment of the pedestrian space has created a socially unfriendly environment. Some studies have shown that more crimes are committed in areas where only few pedestrians are present on the street....

The existence of water mills in the Pradnik Valley in southern Poland was a result of the riverside nature of settlement and industrial development. Located partly among the unique landscape the smallest national park in Poland – Ojcow – challenge the available means of preservation of architectural and landscape heritage. The research was carried out to review the past studies and to suggest the opportunities for the revaluation and protection of the area. The main research method used is synthetis – query ...

The paper presents possibilities of adaptation and re-use of historical harbour areas with a focus on the area of Winter Harbour in Bratislava. The aim is to help to identify the aspects that are necessary to consider to propose the most sustainable future for this part of port that still contains some interesting structures of industrial heritage, currently inaccessible to the public. The research methods consisted on one hand, of a standard historical research to evaluate the built heritage of the Winter Harbour...

Human dwelling construction culture has been strongly shaped over time by the characteristics of the territories and of the local people, who gradually established building methods that cumulated perfect adaptations to specific geographies and socio-economic needs. This type of construction – called later on “vernacular architecture” – was built most of the times by the same people that were using it as housing, utilizing materials found in the vicinity. This “Non-pedigreed Architecture” – renamed so...

The aim of the study is to capture the relationship between the revival of a region and the space that the human inhabits. Owing to unlimited computing power and broad access to information, anyone can make many decisions in a short time. With many communication channels and automation of activities, these decisions will be passed on without any human intervention. The internet enables long-distance communication; we can study and learn from the best even with a limited budget. With internet, running e-commerce, m...

The article highlights the way of adapting the constructive techniques in the Banat high plain (South-West of Romania) during the colonization of the territory from the 18th century by the Habsburg Empire. Due to the lack of other natural resources, earth was the preferred building material for realizing the new settlers housing. The study pursues the analysis of physical properties (granulometric curve, characteristic humidity, plasticity limit, compression strength ) of local earth mixed with natural fibers used...

Medieval towns, besides featuring a typical urban-architectural layout originating from medieval locations, were equipped with a characteristic repertoire of public facilities, such as the town hall, stalls, the town church, monastery complexes, hospitals, guild buildings, department stores. Such an organized socio-spatial area defended the defensive walls against numerous threats in those times. Despite the defortification carried out in the 18th and 19th centuries, many European towns have preserved their defens...

The article deals with a study focused on the production of products with an emphasis on the use of environmentally friendly and recycled materials. Eco-design and the environmentally friendly product lifecycle are being increasingly taken into account and given greater emphasis considering the limited raw material resources of the planet. The properties that must be met by newly selected material were determined by the material analysis of selected products and their components. It was not just for the sake of ex...

This paper represents an integrated urban design and social management model which transforms the maintenance of urban public green areas into an urban activity and encourages the students and other citizens to carry out activities by means of a shared, planned, scheduled and regionalist method within the cities. The aim of the study is to explore the potential of education regarding the sustainability of urban public green areas and the appropriation of urban green spaces to generate environmental consciousness. ...

Research which is presented in this paper mainly concentrates on “gated housing settlements” focusing on resident’s urban walking experiences. Today, in Turkey as well as in other countries round the globe, there is a rise and growing popularity in gated housing settlements. In many parts of the world, there are some differences and similarities when comparing them, but their main characteristics is that they are isolated from public urban spaces. They have extended walls around and gates with securities whic...

Industry 4.0 is a concept which puts forward by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology at the Hannover Messe 2013. The German academic community believes that the "Industry 4.0" concept is the fourth industrial revolution dominated by intelligent manufacturing, or a revolutionary production method. The strategy aims to transform manufacturing into an intelligent enterprise by leveraging the combination of ICT and cyberspace virtual systems: Cyber-...

Commerce at large format facilities is a creation whose genetic analysis covers areas of many fields. It is impossible to miss the amount of emotions as well as changes it causes which must be a result of some influential phenomenon. This influence constitutes a source of knowledge on the architecture of modern stores. Thus, the phenomenological approach to the problem of space for commerce that rejects historical facts and all warning information does not allow to gather sufficient data for real and useful conclu...

The aim of this article is to put a fundamental question for the architectural studies. Is architecture a Science or an Art? Is architecture an autonomous, professional discipline or is it just a conglomerate of a different scientific disciplines? Is it a practical skill, scientific knowledge or a social art? What is the methodological status of architecture? What its role in scientific researches? Is architecture a multidisciplinary science or an intellectual poacher? This questions are essential for every discip...

We got already used to the fact that adapted industrial architecture is a reliable architectural setting for a museum or a cultural centre. Former industrial objects have the ability to provide expected architectural expression/expressiveness together with optimal functionality. The characteristic schematic profile of a factory as well as museum of art - saw-tooth roof signifies a part of genetics the mentioned types of buildings have in common. It is a large and variable space with optimal natural lighting. Howev...

Artistic installation understood as art in a public space today constitutes a visually attractive method of healing and new characterization of aesthetically degraded places and landscapes, deprived of their cultural sense. Such works, created in the existing public space, by adding other contexts and symbolic meanings construct a completely new quality of a place, generate emotional sensations and experiences referring to the context of a place, the history of oneВ’s ancestors and cultural heritage. An analysis o...

From the earliest times, the man tried to find ways to reduce the stress level and to find ways to relax physical, mental and spiritual. The sauna is one of most renowned method for its healing properties. There are many types of saunas, the most known are the finnish traditional sauna and the infrared sauna; the last one, because of the technology used, is the most up to date. A new concept appeared few years ago in the infrared saunas domain, and that is the usage of a chromotherapy during the sesion. The infrar...

Background The article presents a study of the problem of the comprehensiveness of information and aid in terms of shaping sustainable residential development projects. The study employed the point of view of the users of sustainable developments in Poland and in the Netherlands on this matter. When beginning the process of shaping one's own residential development project, users who show a willingness and need to adopt the rules of sustainable architecture expect reliable information and aid in terms of planning ...

Constantly changing environment pressures every living for a change, and response becomes a basic reaction of any living form. Change is a natural reaction that enables survivor of all the species. However, in architecture, the responsive structure did not take important role until the twentieth century. During that time many concepts and building introduced kinematics into the discipline. In the late 50 and 60 of XX century, visionary architects introduced responsive and partly autonomous structure. Designers lik...

The conventional classification of play areas distinguishes three basic types (traditional, modern and adventure playground), which researchers all around the world analyse in terms of their attractiveness, opportunity to provide conditions for a proper development and safety of children. However, the evolution of play areas runs in two directions, towards finding an even more attractive playground equipment, and contrary to this, casting voices of their criticism. The result of this clash of opinions is several k...

The way seaside resorts have functioned from the very beginning of their founding idea has been the result of symbiosis – a close connection between the town and nature. West Pomeranian seaside tourist resorts have developed into today's resorts from former fishing villages or small summer resorts. Before the post-war political division of the historical Province of Pomerania, its resorts formed a uniform set of spatial assumptions, characterized by similar features and originating from common cultural roots. Es...

Throughout its history, architecture has been created according to the signs memorised for years. From the time of Vitruvius and his theory to the beginning of the twentieth century, buildings were given a perfect shape corresponding to their function. Banks and governmental buildings were to be monumental, the rulersВ’ seats to intimidate the subjects with their splendour. The great avant-garde of the early twentieth century liberates art and architecture from memorised patterns. The contemporary world changes th...

Nowadays, design is defined as one of the main innovation tools and strategic approaches in the promotion of societyВ’s welfare and well-being in many countries, including in the European Union. Design thinking as an innovation-promoting approach that incorporates a diverse range of methods for problem solving in different contexts and on different scales is successfully applied in the United States, Europe and Asia. The experience of other countries in the application of design approach and methods might prove to...

TRIZ (the theory of inventive problem solving) is an approach to generate creative solutions for problem solving, it was developed by Genrich Altshuller since 1946. Primarily he creates this theory for technical systems and problems, but then other authors use the same approach to develop theory that you can apply to advertising, public relations etc. One of the instruments in Classical TRIZ is a set of inventive principles that help to create solutions for the problem. This instrument transforms the process of fi...

The study focuses on the design of interior flower pots, which, thanks to a simple idea and suitable selection of materials, can present the contemporary possibilities. Thanks to the database of materials, a school project was developed during which students and their teachers designed interior flower pots that included a description of selected materials and other added features. Designs that met the requirements of the assignment the best were selected for presentation in this article. The individual types of in...

In the presented work the authors describe a design-project of a cafe located in the airport building. In this particular case structural features of the building do not allow use of natural lighting. People for a long time waiting for their flights are in conditions where far every artificial light source gives the optimum level of light flux. In this particular case structural features of the building do not allow use of natural lighting. Besides, staff of the cafe, working around the clock, does not have the op...

Today, much of the power of computation comes not only from digitality, but from the ability of computers to В‘representВ’ things. So that as it always be in the past, nowadays representation still has a potential to create its own world. In contradiction to engineers who implement digitality as В‘know it when they see itВ’, the philosophy of representation offers more complicated and multiple meaning to it. This way of thinking gives us opportunity of rethinking about the design and its representation. Digitality...

The dynamic analysis of the railway bridge in Tczew was carried out in the article as an example of such bridges adaptation suitability to handle high-speed trains. Calculations of railway bridges are greatly complicated and labor-consuming. The bridge model and a rolling stock passage simulation were developed in the SOFISTIK software. Three types of elements were used for the correct mapping of the structure in the calculation model: beam element (BEAM), surface element (QUAD), truss element (TRUSS). The beam el...

Ecodesign of steam turbine elements can contribute to reducing the environmental impact of traditional power generation systems. The article identifies and analyzes environmental parameters in the life cycle of the steam turbine diaphragms. The identification of ecodesign variants, as part of conceptual design, creates the opportunity to choose optimal life cycle parameters related to minimization of material and energy consumption, as well as waste reducing. At the stage of conceptual design, three design solutio...

The area of attics and towers in historic churches in Europe are yet quite inaccessible places for visitors, shrouded in the atmosphere of mysticism, hiding many secrets. Introduction of the new public function into the non-used zones of the monumental sacral objects has many aspects including educational and cognitive ones which are discussed in the following article. The article indicates items that can be found in the zone above the vaults of temples - construction: roof truss, vaults, dormers, towers, windows;...

The aim of the article is to identify the potential impact of the latest commercial digital tools for building energy analysis on the everyday architectural practice in Poland in the context of typology and energy optimization of single-family houses. The reason for this survey is that the "architect friendly" interfaces, simulation resultsВ’ visualization and energy analysis tools are not given deserved attention in the architectural education in Poland thus some of the design opportunities for sustainability are...

The areas which are heavily urbanized, including densely developed districts, limited open spaces and biologically active areas, provide a special environmental context, as well as increased pollution and emission of heat generated by human activity. The climatic factors undergo transformation (e.g. shading, changed directions of wind caused by buildings, the phenomenon of the urban heat island). There are various building needs in the scope of the development of their interior microclimate, for instance, problems...

In the end of the 31 century BC, the Egyptian rulers at the south part of the Upper Nile began build small tombs in the desert to preserve the ownership of the gold rich territory for their heirs. A significant change in the spatial pattern of those buildings took place during the construction of the huge necropolis of the King Djoser, dedicated to an anniversary of the his reign. Using of small stone blocks instead of mud-bricks allowed the transformation of the traditional barrow in the huge six-level pyramidal ...

For a long time the interest in environmentally friendly materials in architecture is no longer limited to the use of renewable and natural substances such as wood, stone, straw, or reusable materials, such as metals or glass. Today the so-called naturals and the materials compatible with the idea of sustainability constantly appear on the market in new forms. Increasing awareness of the necessity to limit the building sectorВ’s negative impact on the environment at all possible levels changed the way designers, a...

Article is devoted to the history of the one of the first state medical facility in Russia- Naval hospital in Kroonstad (nowadays he 35th Lenin Military Naval Hospital named in in honour of N.?. Semashko). Peter the Great initiated global changes in the state medical care, according to his decree 10 hospitals and 500 infirmaries have begun their work in the largest cities; the military naval hospital in Kronstadt was one of them. This hospital was built in 1717 in Kroonstad by solders of fortress for the fleet nee...

The aim of this article is an analysis of relations within urban and architectural composition and the meanings that are conveyed by selected elements of these spatial layouts on the example of completed university libraries in Charlottesville and Vienna, as well as the municipal library in Stockholm. Using the three previously mentioned buildings as a reference, the author performed an analysis of two and three-dimensional urban composition, an analysis of the architectural form of each building, as well as of th...

In the todayВ’s spatial structure of the centre of Cracow there are many places associated with the former functions of industry or craftsmanship. Due to rapid development of the city in the 20th century industrial plants, which in the 19th century were located in the suburbs, are now in its central part. The goal of the study is to determine in what way old and unused industrial areas can create contemporary urban spaces. What is their potential to build an attractive public space? What is the attitude of the mun...

The aim of this article is to present descriptive geometry, which quickly reached the Polish lands. First lecture was held at the Warsaw School of Artillery and Engineering in 1809-1812, by a French teacher Jan Joachim Livet (1809-12). The new discipline was quickly adopted in all major centers of Polish science at that time, which include university cities - Warsaw, Krakow, Vilnius and the Krzemieniec Lyceum, which represent high level of teaching. In each of the existing universities, efforts were made to create...

Sustainable both rural and urban roads need appropriate engineering design. Behavior of pavement unbound layers and subsoil can be predicted within either standardized laboratory tests or tests in situ. The first option brings inexactness caused by sampling and test presumptions. The second one takes lot of time and money and in case of reconstruction blockades traffic which is often unacceptable mainly in urban areas. Full-scale laboratory testing can bring useful combination of both of approaches, i.e. tests are...

This paper focuses on the role of interior design on constituting the relation between the housing interiors and healthy urban living/healthy life styles within densely populated metropolises. Today, over 50 percent of humanity are living in big and crowded cities. The relationship between humans, place and time have been redefining with the use of technology in every part of the daily lives. Most of the people live in small and isolated apartments within metropolises and become more distant from their natural qua...

Article is devoted to Byzantine style features identification in Greece in comparison with the similar in temple-building of other orthodox countries. Stages of Greek Byzantine formation @ the Ellyn-Byzantine style@, actually byzantine style of the period of historicism, the archaeological option of style dominating during the interwar period, influence of art-deco, functionalism and modernism and also three directions in architecture of the post war decade Byzantine style – radical, compromise and traditional a...