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THE ROLE OF THE BERLIN SCHOOL IN URBAN AND ARCHITECTURE REALIZATIONS IN THE HISTORICISM IN EASTERN LANDS OF PRUSSIA
Abstract
The paper focuses on the so-called Berlin school and its role in urban and architectural realizations in the period of the historicism. The present study was covered the eastern areas of Prussia, currently located in the boundaries of Poland. The following cities were analyzed: Berlin, Szczecin, Pozna? and Wroc?aw, which in the first half of the 19th century underwent a process of intense changes in urban planning and architecture. The scientific literature of subject and research of archival materials in the collections of Polish State Archives were used to carry out the research. The architectural style of the buildings implemented in the Berlin school was based on neo-Renaissance motifs and the Round-arch style, i.e. Rundbogenstil and the idea of "honesty" of building material in Rohbaustil. The philosophical assumptions of historicism in the issue of the Berlin school presumed the idea of the interdependency between style and the function, which manifested itself in architectural realizations shaped according to the rules of the Berlin school. As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that the Berlin school had a huge influence on the development in the urban and architectural field in the eastern lands of the Prussian state. The key role of the Berlin School was based not only on its universal formal and aesthetic values, but also on the education process of engineers (Berliner Bauakademie) and the way of conducting the implementation of budget construction projects (Königliche Ministerium für Handel, Gewerbe und öffentliche Arbeiten). It can be assumed that in view of the Berlin school rules valid in the Prussian eastern territories, they were also valid across throughout the Prussian state. Resonance of the Berlin school in the entire Prussian state may be another area of scientific research.
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