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The reception of temporary architecture objects, which until now were treated only as substitutes for an existing buildings, has changed during recent years. Many realizations are characterized by high aesthetic values, as well by the fact that they positively affect the space in which they operate. Furthermore they can be considered the first step to the revitalization of degraded areas. Usually, the realization of a temporary pavilion is associated with cultural events, accompanying festivals or functioning duri...

The new air HUB and railway junction will be built in the Baranow commune, about 40 km west of Warsaw. The Central Communication Port, called the Solidarity Port, is planned as the best communicated place in Poland. Over the course of the decade, a new airport, a railway station as well as a railway and expressway are to be built. The airport will be scheduled to start operating with two runways, but four are planned. The planned area of the airport area is about 3,000 hectares. Initial airport capacity in the lau...

Every architectural interference involves an unavoidable change in space the object is created in. That changed site would never be the same as it was before, neither in the material nor symbolic dimension. To build is to discover the location. This discovery of the 'new' site is tantamount to learning about the 'found' place, called context - its cognitive, aesthetic, cultural values as well as spatial, typological and morphological properties. Therefore it is always a kind of continuation. Creators recognize the...

The paper examines alternative forms of the museum – concepts of contemporary art museums by artists in comparison with the traditional museum buildings and following the initial artists’ interventions in the exhibition space formed in the first half of the 20th century. The thesis analyses several concepts of the contemporary art museum by active artists from the 70s-90s of the 20th century, which according to their authors, present an ideal platform for art presentation. The analysis reveals that the artists bri...

The paper shows research through a case study of interior design of the functionalist, residential complex Avion, built in 1932, which has been paid only marginal attention in previous works. Due to its exceptional architecture, the building was already part of the cultural heritage of the then Czechoslovakia in 1985, and in 2011 it was declared a building of a century in the category of residential buildings in Slovakia. Almost a 90-year-old Avion performs its original function without interruption and is still a...

A strict connection exists between mobility patterns and urban quality. The cities that throughout time gave priority to public transport, bicycles and pedestrians against the use of private car are those which today are characterized by a higher urban and life quality. Nevertheless, most of contemporary cities grew according to the model of “spread metropolis” generating suburbs that eluded, more or less consciously, the monitoring of the authorities, in which public space, dominated by the automobile, totally lo...

The aim of this survey was to identify the hierarchy of most important aspects of what primary, secondary and high-school students, from six schools, in three Romanian cities would describe as “The School of My Dreams” (the ideal school). The methodology used was content analysis of a questionnaire with open answers written by students, along with drawings, on empty postcards. The question was: How would look like the school of your dreams? The answers were written after a discussion on school buildings from diffe...

In the past few decades, in the furniture industry, the value of traditional culture has been underestimated in many countries under the process of western-centric modernisation. The process of the culture grounded competitive advantages of furniture& furnishing firms has not yet identified and still undeveloped theoretically and practically. Using the local identity (culture) to add an emotional and symbolic value to the furniture and creating marketing differentiation advantage is not yet fully recognised by aca...

The aim of the article is to present the development of spa architecture in Poland on the example of one of the most famous spa town in Poland, Krynica-Zdroj. The town is known not only because of its picturesque location, the richness of the natural environment in natural mineral resources manifesting in numerous healing mineral waters, exploited in this spa, but due to the richness of the forms of resort architecture, accumulated during almost 200 years of Krynica-Zdroj’s activity as a health resort, is a very i...

The research question of the article is to find out the aspects of Russian smart city developers’ vision of expected inhabitants, as practitioners elaborating “smart city” concepts pay less attention to humanistic aspect of the problem than to technologies. To achieve that, an analysis of Russian articles on smart city mentioning the roles and functions of “smart people” was held. The results of the review are the following: first, the idea of “smart people” is controversial and impossible to achieve, while the te...

The paper deals with the issue of the design of a hospital chapel from early 20th century built as one of the buildings comprising the Institution for Nervously and Mentally Ill in Krakow-Kobierzyn. The whole complex was built as a pavilion style mental hospital starting from 1908 on the outskirts of Krakow. It was opened in 1917 and still operates. The hospital grounds cover ca.50 hectares and house a dozen of pavilions for patients and many background facilities such as administration buildings, pharmacy, kitche...

The architectural solution of hospital facilities in Slovakia in recent decades is insufficiently saturation of patient and staff expectations. In the field of neonatal health care, the key response to the growing number of pre-term newborns is the key. In the last decade the number of pre-term newborns in Slovakia has increased by up to 30%. In many cases, stressful stimuli from the intensive care unit (noise, light, pain, insensitive manipulation and separation from the mother) cause the damage to many important...

Traditional wooden joints, which have developed for centuries, featured their own function and their own aesthetics. However, from today's point of view, they are too complicated to produce – not only in the terms of time but also the skill required to manufacture them, which is one of the main reasons for their disappearance. In order to clarify whether it makes sense to bring them to life and to define their desired form, questionnaire research has been carried out. It explored consumer preferences and the poten...

Traditional museum is typically characterized especially by presenting exhibits. However, it has recently been enriched by many other features that contribute to the attractiveness of exhibitions. Museum spaces nowadays offer various educational events, creative workshops or shops with artefacts and publications. This paper is aimed at presenting partial research results orientated to human-centered design of museums for children. The introductory part describes innovative design tools that focus on multisensory p...

Commerce at large format facilities is a creation whose genetic analysis covers areas of many fields. It is impossible to miss the amount of emotions as well as changes it causes which must be a result of some influential phenomenon. This influence constitutes a source of knowledge on the architecture of modern stores. Thus, the phenomenological approach to the problem of space for commerce that rejects historical facts and all warning information does not allow to gather sufficient data for real and useful conclu...

This study aims to identify new patterns that occurred in multi-family high-density housing of urban areas in Romania, and to analyze local trends in comparison with European trends. The paper explores historical housing policies, their relation to European trends, and current housing policies as well as new types of multi-family housing built in the last decade in Romania. The main concern was to research the manifestation of new architectural patterns in multifamily residential buildings in Romania and to verify...

The melancholic and changeable character of the Baltic Sea has often been used in the painting of the romantic period. The sea and its beaches were also an important composition element as well as a supplement of Baltic coastal gardens which were founded in West Prussia in the 19th century. Gardens set up on the coast used various moods of nature, as well as extensive and beautiful sea landscapes, often leading to nostalgia. The spectacle of the sea was becoming an element of a park: a real element – a spatial par...

Medieval fortified castles occupy a place of their own in the collective conscious of society, being constantly present in the world of our imagination due to their expressive place in the landscape. After a period of greatness in the Middle Ages, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries there occurred a decrease in the military significance of castles. The contemporary role of medieval castles appears to be that of a status of tourist attractions and this necessitates their adaptation to this function. The forms ...

Background The article presents a study of the problem of the comprehensiveness of information and aid in terms of shaping sustainable residential development projects. The study employed the point of view of the users of sustainable developments in Poland and in the Netherlands on this matter. When beginning the process of shaping one's own residential development project, users who show a willingness and need to adopt the rules of sustainable architecture expect reliable information and aid in terms of planning ...

Monument has accompanied architecture for ages. From the first civilizations to the twentieth century people erected buildings related to memory, religion or politics, giving them an appropriately serious/solemn style. They expressed social and cultural aspirations. Today, there are no styles and rules in architecture. Yet, we still need to express the greatness, dignity and uniqueness, arousing awe and admiration for buildings. Hence the monumental architecture probably still exists. The subject of research conce...

The aim of this article is an analysis of relations within urban and architectural composition and the meanings that are conveyed by selected elements of these spatial layouts on the example of completed university libraries in Charlottesville and Vienna, as well as the municipal library in Stockholm. Using the three previously mentioned buildings as a reference, the author performed an analysis of two and three-dimensional urban composition, an analysis of the architectural form of each building, as well as of th...

The purpose of this article is to confirm the thesis that the planning of lighting and illumination is a factor increasing the attractiveness of the night landscape, which significantly improves the quality of life and is positively viewed by the residents and visitors. The author presents new artistic trends in night landscape development, aimed at protecting the historical heritage and local identity of cities, as well as shaping their contemporary image by creating (or updating) planning concepts within the con...

Today's society is at the junction of two great challenges: the desire to preserve and carry on the values of the past, materialized in heritage sites and the application of all the measures known at present, to ensure high living standard from the point of view of thermal comfort and energy efficiency. These two directions are often found to contradict each other and even end up rejecting each other. To take care of the values of the past, it means applying clear rules in the processes of rehabilitation, restorat...

This paper represents an integrated urban design and social management model which transforms the maintenance of urban public green areas into an urban activity and encourages the students and other citizens to carry out activities by means of a shared, planned, scheduled and regionalist method within the cities. The aim of the study is to explore the potential of education regarding the sustainability of urban public green areas and the appropriation of urban green spaces to generate environmental consciousness. ...

In the end of the 31 century BC, the Egyptian rulers at the south part of the Upper Nile began build small tombs in the desert to preserve the ownership of the gold rich territory for their heirs. A significant change in the spatial pattern of those buildings took place during the construction of the huge necropolis of the King Djoser, dedicated to an anniversary of the his reign. Using of small stone blocks instead of mud-bricks allowed the transformation of the traditional barrow in the huge six-level pyramidal ...

Features of architecture of Abkhazian medieval one-apsidal hall temples are presented in this article. A small one-nave church is easy to build and it was important in the conditions of a need for fast and universal construction of temples. It is a reflection of local architectural preferences and the construction equipment as the local masters could build such temples, not owning difficult technologies of arch building. Besides, by means of a gradual extension of additional rooms the one-apsidal church was easy t...

The paper focuses on the so-called Berlin school and its role in urban and architectural realizations in the period of the historicism. The present study was covered the eastern areas of Prussia, currently located in the boundaries of Poland. The following cities were analyzed: Berlin, Szczecin, Pozna? and Wroc?aw, which in the first half of the 19th century underwent a process of intense changes in urban planning and architecture. The scientific literature of subject and research of archival materials in the coll...

Developing adequate methods for stocktaking of landscape resources and for assessment of the landscape is a key issue for its proper preservation and shaping, which are determinant actions conditioning sustainable development and spatial order. The need to develop a method for assessing the cultural landscape, adapted to contemporary ways of defining its attractiveness (considering not only aesthetic or utilitarian but also social and emotional aspects), is clearly visible in the context of the dynamics of the cul...

Knowledge takes many forms and shapes. Usually we associate our gathering of information and knowledge by what is transmitted in books and text. But it is often through our visual heritage that we perceive and build a notion of world and space around us. According to J.B. Harley [1] there has probably always been a natural impulse to create maps. Cartographic maps are historically synonymous of power, since geographic representation and knowledge in them concentrated influences, moved reigns, borders, and controll...

The aim of this article is to present descriptive geometry, which quickly reached the Polish lands. First lecture was held at the Warsaw School of Artillery and Engineering in 1809-1812, by a French teacher Jan Joachim Livet (1809-12). The new discipline was quickly adopted in all major centers of Polish science at that time, which include university cities - Warsaw, Krakow, Vilnius and the Krzemieniec Lyceum, which represent high level of teaching. In each of the existing universities, efforts were made to create...

The diffusion and development of digital technologies had radically changed the way in which museums and cultural institutions offer content to the public. In this regard, the academic field has been discussed about the connection between the Design discipline and Cultural Heritage for several years; this is due to the profound transformations faced in both Design and Cultural Heritage areas. Through the description of two different pro-jects we intend to highlight the problem of technology, which does not represe...

Bridges in urban areas often constitute architectural dominant features of particular cities. In general, while an arrangement of bridges in rural areas prefers technical points of view, in case of urban bridges esthetical or architectural perspective plays important role as well. It causes non-unified solutions and more complicated structures, frequently with very knotty details. Such structures cannot be monitored using conventional methods as shown in an example of the fallen footbridge in Prague recently. The ...

Water, as one of the fundamental elements of nature, has been used to decorate the spaces of cities since ancient times. Water features refer to associations with nature, thanks to which they elicit positive experiences among the users of urban space, as well as a feeling of relaxation and a pleasant sensation of being in contact with nature. The article presents the process of the influence of water features within urban space on the human senses and on the possibilities of producing specific sensory and emotiona...

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of the reception of patterns of residential architecture in the residential buildings of the lower social layer (peasantry) inhabiting rural areas in Prussia in the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century. The area covered by research, in terms of territory, is the state of Prussia, or more strictly the Kingdom of Prussia in its basic form, in which it functioned throughout the 19th century and is currently located within the borders of the Polish state. The ...

The text investigates new phenomena emerging in the field of social memory and commemoration in contemporary Poland. On the basis of field analyses, case studies and theoretical, transdisciplinary approaches, the paper discusses the issue of contemporary memoryscapes in eastern Poland (Bialystok and Lublin). These emerging forms of remembrance are the result of the sophisticated interplay between different actors involved in the social discourse of memory: witnesses and their testimonies, historical artefacts, arc...

The article shows the relationship between the characteristics of the post-modern society, and the development of media architecture with the function of interactivity. In this context, the duality of the features of post-modern society was emphasized: taking into account its location between creativity and consumerism, as well as on the border between the real and virtual word. The development of media architecture has been linked also to the city development models derived from the Smart City concepts, open to i...

The paper discusses the adverse acoustic phenomena occurring in the semi-open interi-ors (courtyards, yards) covered with a glass roof. Particularly negative is the reverbera-tion noise, which leads to the degradation of the utility functions of the resulting spaces. It involves the drastically reducing the intelligibility of speech, loss of natural sounding of music, problems with the sound system, as well as disturbances in the voice alarm system operation. The work refers to historic interiors, where preservati...

Municipal school is the second home for our children where they learn the material and spiritual values, where their intellectual development is formed. When designing such a construction site, in addition to the anti-terrorism protection, which is topical today, it is necessary to create systems of engineering and technical support of the building at a high level, to which, in the present paper, we propose application of energy-efficient technology for delivering natural light to rooms with permanent presence of ...

The turn of the 21th century has presented a new, significant phase in the functioning of the villas built in the suburban districts of Gda?sk around 100 years ago. Current favorable economic and political circumstances have contributed to an intensification of building investments, including conservation work on historical buildings. Establishing a general conservational concept for the historical villas requires an in-depth analysis of the historical sources and architectural research due to the frequent and sig...

For a long time the interest in environmentally friendly materials in architecture is no longer limited to the use of renewable and natural substances such as wood, stone, straw, or reusable materials, such as metals or glass. Today the so-called naturals and the materials compatible with the idea of sustainability constantly appear on the market in new forms. Increasing awareness of the necessity to limit the building sector’s negative impact on the environment at all possible levels changed the way designers, ar...

Background: “The first obligation of urbanism is to come into accord with the fundamental needs of men. (…) The sun must penetrate every dwelling several hours a day even during the season when sunlight is most scarce. (…) Builders must be required to submit a diagram showing that the sun will penetrate each dwelling for a minimum of two hours on the day of the winter solstice, failing which, the building permit will be denied. To introduce the sun is the new and most imperative duty of the architect.” In July 201...

The article presents studies and numerical simulations on modeling snow influence on TAURON ARENA suspended roof structure in Cracow. The scope of work includes experimental tests, functions solutions taking into account various cases of snow impact according to PN and EC, as well as numerical simulations for the sport and entertainment arena in the Czyzyny district. The FEM roof structure model developed in the SOFISITK software consists of bar and surface elements. The structure is made of bar elements, whereas ...

The paper presents the multi-criteria approach in the design process of residential structure as a part of a multifunctional building system. The purpose of work was to broaden the field of multifunctional building system design process. Background for the presented work is to define the direction of architectural growth of the modern city center area where actually are built complex and large capacity structures with a great impact on the total urban structure. The methodology depends on the analysis of the multi...

Sustainable both rural and urban roads need appropriate engineering design. Behavior of pavement unbound layers and subsoil can be predicted within either standardized laboratory tests or tests in situ. The first option brings inexactness caused by sampling and test presumptions. The second one takes lot of time and money and in case of reconstruction blockades traffic which is often unacceptable mainly in urban areas. Full-scale laboratory testing can bring useful combination of both of approaches, i.e. tests are...

Compared to the separate production of electric and thermal energy from conventional sources of fuels, their combined generation in a Combined Heat and Power Plant (CHP), produces a primary energy saving of at least 10%. This savings can also be translated by a proper reduction of pollution caused by combustion of fuels and thus by contributing to maintaining sustainable development. However, there are also situations where cogeneration can be extended to produce many more forms of useful energy, using the same ma...

The subject of this paper is the design of a modern Buddhist retreat center in the West, which presents and unites both the traditional foundations of the Eastern Buddhist culture and the conditions of the modern Western world. The paper answers the question if it is possible to fully transmit through architecture and landscape design the essence of the Buddhist culture to the modern European surrounding, without losing the root of its ritual background. Because of the increasing popularity of Buddhism in the West...

The dynamic analysis of the railway bridge in Tczew was carried out in the article as an example of such bridges adaptation suitability to handle high-speed trains. Calculations of railway bridges are greatly complicated and labor-consuming. The bridge model and a rolling stock passage simulation were developed in the SOFISTIK software. Three types of elements were used for the correct mapping of the structure in the calculation model: beam element (BEAM), surface element (QUAD), truss element (TRUSS). The beam el...

The article deals with a study focused on the production of products with an emphasis on the use of environmentally friendly and recycled materials. Eco-design and the environmentally friendly product lifecycle are being increasingly taken into account and given greater emphasis considering the limited raw material resources of the planet. The properties that must be met by newly selected material were determined by the material analysis of selected products and their components. It was not just for the sake of ex...

We got already used to the fact that adapted industrial architecture is a reliable architectural setting for a museum or a cultural centre. Former industrial objects have the ability to provide expected architectural expression/expressiveness together with optimal functionality. The characteristic schematic profile of a factory as well as museum of art - saw-tooth roof signifies a part of genetics the mentioned types of buildings have in common. It is a large and variable space with optimal natural lighting. Howev...

Medieval towns, besides featuring a typical urban-architectural layout originating from medieval locations, were equipped with a characteristic repertoire of public facilities, such as the town hall, stalls, the town church, monastery complexes, hospitals, guild buildings, department stores. Such an organized socio-spatial area defended the defensive walls against numerous threats in those times. Despite the defortification carried out in the 18th and 19th centuries, many European towns have preserved their defens...