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The article is devoted the first scientific research institute in the field of exact and engineering science in the east of Russia. The author reveals the principal causes of institute appearance, the purpose and the objectives of its work, the personnel structure. The author defines the contribution of the institute scientific achievements to the scientific potential of Siberia. V.D.Kuznetsov's personal acquaintance with the leading scientists-physicists of the country became an important factor which accelerated...

Today's historical studies have continued concentrating on the subject of restrictions imposed on rights of certain ethnic minorities. The scientific interest arose already in the early 20th century. The turn of the 19th and 20th centuries witnessed a myth of “German threat” to the Russian statehood emerging during an economic boom in specific regions. The myth gave birth to a number of industrial and agricultural restrictions. Russia's entering the World War I demanded that the government formulated its posit...

For the first half of the century there are not any attesting documents to provide a real and detailed image of the city,but only fragments,duplicates of some plans located in Moscow or Vienna;only after forming Borroczyn Plan (1846-1852), that we can elaborate a real analysis of what has changed in Bucharest, during the past six decades since the accomplishment of the XVIIIth century final plan. In the middle of the XIXth century (1856),the Austrian marshal De Fligely compiles, due to the Walach lord Barbu Ећtirb...

Historical memory has a lot of influence on the relationship between states and people of North East Asia (NEA). North East Asia is a complicated region where interests of leading world countries are concentrated. Economic and cultural rise of NEA is accompanied by the rise of national identity and nationalism in region's states. Those also based on the historical memory. Peoples in the region experience different historical memory. Collective memory is understood as a representation of the past shared by a group ...

City monuments appeared in provincial Russia only in the first part of the nineteenth century. Their construction was both initiated and financed by the nobility. As a result each statue reflected the ideas, ideals and values of this social group. The city-dwellers were mostly proud of the monuments devoted to famous artists and scientists originating from the city, and described the memorials pathetically. Half of the century passed and the situation changed dramatically. The attitude to the monuments changed rad...

There are various stages in the annals of every nation. For the Slovaks, one of these is the period of mass emigration. It is an important chapter of Slovak economic, social and political history. It is a history of courage and creativity, a history of national, social and cultural efforts by the members of Slovak nation. According to an official report of the Pittsburgh Consul, 170,000 Slovak people immigrated to the United States before 1900. The number of emigrants from Slovakia rose constantly, and prior to Wo...

In this paper, the author is analysing economic, particularly agricultural development of the eastern Croatia, Slavonia, during 18th century. The changes in production werecaused by changes in reign, i.e. Turks are leaving this area and Austrian rule takes over. Since this is the time of Enlightenment reforms, enforced especially under Maria Theresa, radical changes happen in Slavonia, particularly in economic area. These changes were noticeable in both parts of Slavonia, military as well as civilian. One proof of...

The author analyzes the process of formation and development of research in the field of cybernetics. The 1950-1960s became a flourishing era for computer technology and the highest achievements in the scientific field of cybernetics in the USSR. Siberian Physical-Technical Institute (SPhTI) at Tomsk State University (TSU) became the Center of the formation and development of research in the field of cybernetics in the 1950s. in the east of the USSR . In the early 1950s at the department of radiophysics of TSU the...

If during King Carol I`s reign the foreign policy was, by tradition, a domain managed exclusively bythe King, after Carol I`s death, this part of politics was transferred to the political parties. In this sense, the implication of the Royal House tends to be secondary. In spite of all this, the changes which were made, between the germanophile vision and the ententophilevision, put Romania in a better position at the Peace Conference. The English origins of Queen Mary proved to be salutary for the Great Romania. N...

The concept of legitimacy belongs to our common set of notions which are frequently encountered in numerous studies of political ideology and power. Still, we believe that it needs to be better circumscribed and defined. Legitimacy seems to refer to the legal, official and recognized rules to which circumscribes each attribute of the political power. The hierarchical, arbitrary character of the power relations may be hidden and even denied by their presentation as being legitimate. Our hypothesis is that far from ...

Background: The article is based on the archival materials of Tomsk and Novosibirsk region, Russia. The goal of the paper is to estimate the development of publishing in Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). The novelty of the paper is in the estimation of the opportunities of periodicals to provide consolidating social mobilization under critical historical conditions. Methods: While writing this paper the following methods were used: A method of historical periodization, syste...

In USSR mass collectivization was a unique form of annihilation of individual peasantry as a class. During the initial period of the mass collectivization there had been a significant decrease in output of agricultural goods. Recovery of the country's agriculture was observed only from the middle of the 1930th years. The specified tendencies were characteristic and for the Vyatka region which territory, according to new administrative-territorial division, was a part of the Nizhny Novgorod (Gorky) region till Dece...

The 19-20th century period witnessed active migrations between populations in many countries. Internal migrations were determined by specific political, economic, social and cultural development of the states. Those were particularly active in multinational empires. Migration specificity in the Russian Empire was that they had both compulsory and voluntary nature. They directly affected the ethnic composition of regions. This article will focus on the correlation between voluntary and compulsory migrations in the ...

The purpose of this research is the analysis of the residence of Cossack emigrants in Bulgaria in 1920-1939. The main sources used in this research are documents both of emigrant (memories, press/media, documents etc.) and Bulgarian origin. The research was being made upon the principles of objectivity, historicism, with using of historical descriptive method, methods of induction, deduction, systematic and comparative historical analysis. The article analyzes the causes of the emigration of Cossacks from Russia, ...

The paper deals with the first Polish colonial ideology, which unexpectedly started from the real colony, and after word for many years has became utopian. The paper presents the ideology in chronologic order as well as authors of utopian thinking in Poland. During Polish partitions many attempts were overtaken to establish the “New Poland” in many places in the world (Oceania, some places in Africa, South America, etc). It also deals with such colonial episodes as Polish colonization in Siberia by prisoners a...

The phenomenon of man and corporate communities in war attracts the attention of historians and anthropologists because accessing to it allows us to see how our ancestors and public institutions acted in atypical, extraordinary, boundary conditions. The article is devoted to the problem of life-sustaining of teaching corporation of Russian universities in the course of the First World War. The representatives of the university teaching staff entered a difficult period in its history in 1914, connected with the ree...

The aim of the paper is to bring new perspectives related to problems of European democracy in 20th century using the case of Czechoslovakia in 1938 and 1945.The weakened position of democracy in Europe in 30.s and 40.s was influenced byimpacts oftheeconomic crisis, therise of Nazism and thewar. Thepaper compares changes of political and economic system in Czechoslovakia after the Munich agreement and in 1945. Although the country was liberated from Nazi domination, its political and economic system was characteri...

At the end of the XV century and the beginning of the XVI, the image of the prince was contoured by the Bible, a real pedagogical instrument which exclusively defined the notions of good and evil, of justice and injustice – the Bible was establishing how an ideal prince should be. In the same time the biblical figures were models with whom the voivode desired to resemble with and which influenced their behaviors and mentality. Studying the cases of Radu the Great and Neagoe Basarab, we were able to construct the...

For centuries Orthodox churches in Russian regions kept not only sacred relics but also secular objects that were presumed to preserve and highlight the memory of important State and regional events. Being situated in churches' interiors, memorial objects inevitably obtained sacral meaning. Consequently, when interacting with these things one had to contemplate, honour and worship them. As time went by, the composition of objects placed in churches changed noticeably. The scheme of changes was as follows: from sac...

The article deals with changes of the immigration policy in Czechoslovakia before Second World War. The paper analyses the approach towards immigrants in the connection with economic and social development. The analysis will be based largely on unpublished archival sources and newspapers. This paper attempts to analyse the perception of social risks vis-a-vis changing situation of Czechoslovakia inthe context of European development. Czechoslovakia was supposed to be only a transit country offering just a temporar...

This paper proposes a debate about the federalist phenomenon and the federalist political projects in Central Europe at the end of WW I and the interwar period. The collapse of the Empires in Central and Eastern Europe created the conditions for a new world order, especially starting from the Wilsonian self-government theories. In these regions, where the imperialist trend collapsed, while the national trend developed, the federalist ideas were regarded by some leaders as real solutions. Therefore, at the end of W...

This article is devoted to the development of migration in the Russian Far East over the past centuries. Analyzing census data (from the first census in the Russian Empire in 1897 to the Russian Census 2010), the author investigates temporal and spatial transformations of migration processes in the Russian Far East regions. Using the concept of lifetime migration, the author reveals, what regions and territories provided the growth of the population of the Russian Far East during the last centuries, where these pe...

The article examines the history of Siberian physicists' scientific community. The main stages of Siberian physicists' scientific community formation and development at the end of the XIX – first half of the XX centuries are reconstructed on the basis of the available academic works, documental materials, including the ones introduced into research for the first time, and the printed media. The author analyzes the part of the physicists' scientific and academic corporation consolidation in developing the fundame...

In the early Nineteenth Century (1803-1805), is drawn a plan of the central area of Bucharest, from Mihai Voda area to bridge the current Union Square (Piata Unirii). This plan was made due to disputes arising between riparian Dambovi?a on artificial watercourse diversion. The city plan from 1806, made by the General Harting (Russian commander), is entitled "The Plan of Bucharest camp situation, made in 1807 by the civil engineering department attached to the army under General Michelson cavalry." The plan has a s...

Studying the identity issues occupies one of the leading positions in Russian and world humanitaristics. The approaches to understanding the essence of †corporate identity' phenomenon are different. Within the frames of the first approach, corporate identity is considered as a part of professional identity. The issues of corporate and professional identities from the point of personality socialization and personality's professional growth (R.B. Berns, V.A. Yadov, E.R. Ahmetshina, O.L. Leybovich). Within the fram...

Siberian Jews occupied their niche in Jewish Sciences long ago. The problems of social adaptation of Judaists in Siberia in XIXth - the beginning of XXth centuries were paid much attention to in scientific papers of XXth – the beginning of XXIth centuries. At the same time particular issues associated with development of the economy of the Jewish community and their place and role in the development of distinct entities in Siberian regional areas were insufficiently examined. The given paper presents the solutio...

The article discusses the main results and problems of provincial communists' social mobility during the 1920s on the basis of the representative sample from Communist party census held in 1927. The study of gender aspects of social mobility allows to claim that the influence of gender stereotypes still remained at that period and led to the discrimination of women even within Communist party.

The research focuses on the study of culture as a complex self-organizing system and the identification of significant relationships between the observed peaks of the creative activity in such fields as art, music, literature, philosophy, science and technology. To establish the relationship between the development of cultural fields and development of society the structural-demographic theory was used, according to which a state goes through integration and disintegration phases during its existence. According to...

Starting from the middle of the 19th century, several reading circles were established in the wide countryside, villages, and areas covered with farms. These were autonomous organisations established by the inhabitants, covering the local society of a smaller zone, town district or border section. By the end of the 1930-ies, approx. 1800 such associations operated in Hungary, with approx. 150,000 members. Also including the members' families and relatives, altogether 700,000-800,000 people were related to these as...

The Stolypin's Agrarian reform (1907-1916) became a principle phenomenon in the economic life of Russia at the beginning of the XX century. In the course of the reform 1.5 million peasants migrated to Siberia and to Central Asia. Among migrants there were Russian Germans (Russladdeutsche) from the Volga region and provinces of the south of Russia. The Stolypin's reform resulted in the advent of a new ethnic group, i.e. Siberian Germans who played the key role in the economy of the Asian part of the Russian Empire....

Addresses two main periods in the history of the newspaper "The Permian Provincial Gazette" associated with the stages of development of Russian society in the XIX - early XX centuries.: pre-reform and post-reform. The history of this publication has been closely associated with the processes of modernization in Russian society, which led to the development and dissemination of periodicals in Russia in the first half of the XIX century, including an official of the provincial press. Strengthening the process of mo...

The article shows the main propositions of the Russian idea of the representatives of the Russian social-philosophic thought, determines whether the ideas proposed by our predecessors are urgent today, argues for the necessity of the existence of the national idea in modern Russia and its influence on the destiny of the Russian nation.

The experience of the expropriation of conventual complexes and their adaptation for the new administration is the basis for a detailed discussion that illuminates the cultural and political world and is especially significant for the development of Italian architecture in the last decades of the nineteenth century. In these experiences we observe the search for a "national style" and the debate on the professional skills required to work on pre-existing architectural stuctures. This last aspect is important in th...