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TRANSFORMATIONS OF EUROPEAN POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN THE 20TH CENTURY. THE CASE OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA IN THE YEARS 1938 AND 1945
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to bring new perspectives related to problems of European democracy in 20th century using the case of Czechoslovakia in 1938 and 1945.The weakened position of democracy in Europe in 30.s and 40.s was influenced byimpacts oftheeconomic crisis, therise of Nazism and thewar. Thepaper compares changes of political and economic system in Czechoslovakia after the Munich agreement and in 1945. Although the country was liberated from Nazi domination, its political and economic system was characterized by discontinuity in comparison with the pre-Munich period. Czechoslovakia in 1945 was characterized by the rise of the Communist Party, the alliance with the Soviet Union, interventions against the private sector, and new administrative arrangements. In this respect, thesetendencieswere the predictor of changes, which occurred after the onset of the communist regime. Deviation from the principles of parliamentary democracy, rebuilding of the party system, suppressing elements of market economy, changing of the foreign policy orientation, and an upsurge of nationalism -these characteristic features of post-war Czechoslovakia noticeably converged it to the system of the so-called Second Czechoslovak Republic. This paper attempts to analyze the postwar changes of political and economicsystem in comparison with the period of the Second Czechoslovak Republic in the context oftheEuropean development.
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