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THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND RUSSIAN UNIVERSITY TEACHING COMMUNITY: EVERYDAY LIFE OF WARTIME
Abstract
The phenomenon of man and corporate communities in war attracts the attention of historians and anthropologists because accessing to it allows us to see how our ancestors and public institutions acted in atypical, extraordinary, boundary conditions. The article is devoted to the problem of life-sustaining of teaching corporation of Russian universities in the course of the First World War. The representatives of the university teaching staff entered a difficult period in its history in 1914, connected with the reevaluation of values, some modifications in professional activity, deterioration of material and living conditions. The article attempts to reconstruct the life-sustaining activity of the university teaching corporation in the changing conditions of the 1914 – on the eve of much greater changes in 1917. University professors, being divided for political reasons at the beginning of the XX century, consolidated. The beginning of the First World War led to an outburst of quite sincere patriotic feelings among university professors and lecturers that united yesterday's political opponents for some time. A surge of patriotism provoked as positive initiatives (charity for example), and not quite constructive but explainable phenomena (anti-German sentiment). Evacuation deep into Russia had a major impact on everyday life of Russian universities, located in the western part of the empire (Warsaw, Kiev, Tartu University). Worsened housing conditions had an effect on the life and professional activity of professors, as evidenced by the numerous historical sources. The political consolidation and anti-German sentiment were more characteristic for the first years of the war. The military defeats of Russia in 1915–1916, internal political processes, lack of content, material and living complexities formed criticism towards the authorities in the teaching environment that would welcome the February Revolution, held under the anti-war slogans.
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