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There are already abundant articles, studies, and even monographs that try - some with godliness, others with methodical acreditation - reconstruct the presence, work and contribution of the Romanian Orthodox Church as a whole or of its people to the fulfillment of fundamental national ideas such as the Unification of the Principalities, obtaining Independence or the Great Union of 1918. We can not neglect the importance of these scientific achievements, but we can say that some of them have been preoccupied to pr...

In this article the problem of being philosopher is represented. The article is started with the presupposition that philosophers left modern universities and they were replaced by professors of philosophy. The problem here lays in the boundaries that modern student does not need philosophy only as a tool, a terminological and conceptual apparatus, but as a specific way of understanding the self and the Other. Some methods from the practice В‘care of the selfВ’ (Michel Faucalt and Pierre Hadot) and philosophical p...

The former socialist countries that joined the European Union have since managed to reduce the distance of wealth separating them from the richest countries of this bloc, albeit at varying degrees and pace. In the last few years, the so-called middle income trap, which may pose a threat to EU-member post-socialist countries, is attracting more and more attention. Although this concept has many definitions, their common thread is the exhaustion by states falling into such a trap of current simple development factor...

Minimum wage is a tool for regulating the labor market that, over the long term, causes controversy in the areas of both economic theory and practice. The goal of this paper is to present and analyze key theoretical economic approaches to the functioning of the labor market and the tools used to regulate it. These regulatory tools significantly influence the labor marketВ’s allocative efficiency, and we generally consider the institution of minimum wage to be fundamental part of this trend. Therefore, in this pape...

Teacher professionalization is an important challenge for education policies and systems in the European and national contexts. There is an Act of teachersВ’ development in Slovakia since 2009. One of the consequences of the Act is that teachers refer only formal educational activities. However, history shows that we also have (as teachers say) effective forms of non-formal educational activities, e.g. teachers days - teachers of the same subject from different schools or teachers of different subjects from one sc...

The subject of this paper is the design of a modern Buddhist retreat center in the West, which presents and unites both the traditional foundations of the Eastern Buddhist culture and the conditions of the modern Western world. The paper answers the question if it is possible to fully transmit through architecture and landscape design the essence of the Buddhist culture to the modern European surrounding, without losing the root of its ritual background. Because of the increasing popularity of Buddhism in the West...

Spatial development of Russia has large disproportions of financial and economic nature. This can be illustrated by the example – most of the regions have a regional budget deficit. At the same time, the debts of the regions to higher budgets and banks are steadily growing. All this reduces the potential for regional development and the opportunities to ensure the economic security of regions’ development, the financial and economic risks of bankruptcy of the territories are growing. The purpose of the presente...

Due to the existing disproportions in the current ecological and economic condition of the territories within the Arctic zone, high supply of natural resources in the continental and off-shore Arctic areas, ecological fragility of Arctic ecosystems, as well as the need to respect the rights of indigenous peoples, it is necessary to implement differentiated approach when selecting scenarios for strategic development and management. This study examines the economic and mathematical models for the development of the ...

The article describes the market of hotel services in the modern period in St. PETERSBURG and Leningrad region. Regional market instruments and their influence on the market structure change are considered. The volume of the market of hotel services in the conditions of the existing external factors is presented. An attempt is made to identify trends and patterns of development of the hotel services market, to explore the relationship of social, economic, demographic, environmental and other social phenomena and p...

In numerous regions of the world there are artificial mounds, pyramids or earth embankments that distinguish themselves from the surrounding due to their intentional shape pointing to the existence of sacred sites, burial places or the boundaries of protected space. A large number of them refers to the archetype of the mountain, understood as a timeless monumental form rising up to this particular point where the earthly sphere meets the heavenly one. The paper presents the new meanings of the most recognisable la...

The precondition for the well-functioning society and the economic success is a highly skilled labour force. Improving the level of education helps to increase the competitiveness of people on the labour market and at the same time, reduces labour shortages and increases employment in society. The objective of our case-study was to determine the contributory and hindering circumstances of continuing education. Content analysis was used as a quantitative research method, which helps to measure texts by quantitative...

An important element of contemporary social and economic reality takes the form of intra- and intergenerational transfers. They are present both in the entire society scale (macro scale) and in individual families (micro scale). In the subject oriented perspective, among economic intra-family transfers the following types of transfers are identified: “gifts of time”, “gifts of space”, “financial and material transfers”. Financial transfers take two forms: inter vivos and post mortem. The first of them ...

Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods. /Times New Roman, 12/ The paper studies the specifics of the functioning of the ancient Roman monetary system in the period of the late Republic and the early Empire. As a result of the expansion of the economic space that was due to the large conquests, disparities arose b...

Background: Modern studies of the concept of systemic risk presuppose an answer to the main questions: as a systemic risk is defined in the scientific literature and central banks; what is the content of "systemic risk" and what factors are involved in its accumulation; what is "infection" and how does it relate to systemic risk Methods: Central banks rarely suggest a definition of systemic risk. The review of S. Usterlu and J. de Hahn shows that central banks often focus on clarifying definitions of financial ins...

Innovation entrepreneurship in almost every country is important because its existence and development can hypothetically solve the problems of employment, the growth of interest in new developments; in the institutional context, innovation entrepreneurship can have an impact on the level of competitiveness of States. Despite the significant support programs for small and medium-sized businesses at the level of each individual state, there are few substantive results. It is also difficult to understand in detail t...

A child with disabilities means for the family confrontation with new problems. The presence of the child changes the functioning of the family, the quality of life of all its members, and also modifies the needs of the family. The contribution is focused on the detection of needs within the family system. The method of data collection was the standard Bailey and Simeonsson Family Questionnaire (1988) which focuses on 6 areas of need - the need for family support, the need for information, the need to explain to o...

Topicality. The question of self-identification of contemporary national philosophy remains insufficiently studied. This paper specifies the tradition of political philosophical discourse in France – the most influence national philosophy in Europe – and the reconceptualization of its main ideas – freedom, liberty and equality in 21st century. The aim is to propose the case study of Charlie Hebdo and the transformation of the political discourse in Europe. Hypothesis. In France, the date that became the poin...

The 2016-2018 pre-election cycle in France, the USA and Russia showed that the development of analytical methods applied to pre-election campaigns, which would take into consideration the influence of social media and the analysis of the degree of potential electors’ involvement into the Internet, are warrant. The article deals with the results of the empirical research entitled “The pre-Election Campaign Communication Model: comparative analysis of the US experience in Russia”, in which we have analyzed the ...

The article highlights the notion of synergism as applied to speech/discourse in terms of functional linguistics. The term В‘synergismВ’ denotes the ability of self-organising open systems (language and speech included) to combine elements in such a way that their overall effect exceeds pure linear addition of components. This non-linearity is inherent in speech, as the general sense of a text does not usually equal to a mechanically obtained sum of its units semantics. From the angle of functional linguistics, sy...

The exception to contractual non-performance is perceived in the doctrine as a defense or remedy available to a contracting party which, by simply invoking this exception, may block the claim brought by the other party (which has not executed its own obligations), in order to oblige the party that invokes the exception to perform its own contractual obligations. With respect to third parties, the exception to non-performance may be invoked against them, where the claim results from the contract (when the third par...

The article covers developments of interstate relations in Central Asia that were launched in 2013 when Chinese “One Belt, One Road” initiative was announced. The OBOR project factored into Central Asian countries economic development strategies rethinking. Positive attitude towards Chinese initiative became general tendency. Central Asian states saw the OBOR project as an opportunity to provide economic growth by allowing them to generate revenue from China-Europe Central Asiango turnover as well as by provid...

The offence of false testimony is codified in Chapter XXX Article 233 of the Polish Criminal Code: “Offences against the Administration of Justice”. This liability is dependent on the person taking the testimony, while acting within his or her authorisation, must have warned the person testifying about the criminal liability for giving false testimony, or must have obtained a relevant oath. Prior to 2016, the perpetrator of this crime was liable to imprisonment for between six months and three years, but the 2...

Slander is one of four offences codified in Chapter XXVII of the Polish Criminal Code – ‘Offences against Honour and Personal Inviolability’ in Article 212. This is one of the few crimes where prosecution is initiated by private motion. The aggrieved party must submit and support an indictment in the capacity of a private prosecutor and collect all possible evidence necessary to proceed in instituting criminal proceedings. While convicted perpetrators are liable to a fine or restriction of liberty, current leg...

The article discusses some problems of federalism in Russia, which have recently become particularly acute. These problems are related to the specific functioning of the mechanisms of mandatory rotation at the level of heads of subjects of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to show that they are rooted in the peculiarities of the system of federative relations that has been formed over the past 20 years of modern Russian history. Using historical method and also methods of structural-functional analys...

This text is a trial to capture the issue of the oldest wooden orthodox temples in the northern Podlasie region in Poland. The researches were based on available literature and, most of all, on source studies, archival queries and field studies. The previous research outcomes of the author were also used. The first part of the article depicts the general conditions of developing the orthodox architecture in the region. In the next part a basic typology of analyzed orthodox churches is presented. The form of projec...

The migration of the population is one of the demographic phenomena causing quite large changes. Negative effects are felt especially in the areas of departure, where the aging tendency is clearly recorded. The Danube port towns in Romania, as a result of the political and administrative changes registered over the last 25 years, once with the transition from the centralized socialist economy to the free market economy, have recorded this phenomenon of population mobility, especially of the young population, in a ...

The article deals with the transformation of the Orthodox pilgrimage tradition in the global information society. The new civilizational factors such as the formalization of the virtual space, the development of informative forms of activity (for example, tourism), the formation of a new type of religiousness (new or postmodern), etc. lead to radical changes in religious practices and ritual activities. In the contemporary society pilgrimageis considered through religious tourism along with excursional tourism of ...

The inclusion of the elderly in the community as equal members and providing opportunities for the elderly to participate in work related activities is one of the main tasks of modern society. The goal of the study was to estimate the participation of elderly people in activities related to the work or volunteer activities. 120 examinees from 65 to 93 years of age who are users of centers and homes for the care of the elderly participated in the study. The study used a sociodemographic questionnaire and selected p...

The Church received from Christ the mission not only to preach the gospel of salvation, but also to feed the hungry, to give water to the thirsty, to provide a traveler's shelter and hospitality to the stranger, to dress the naked, take care of the sick and care for orphans and widows. The Orthodox Church fulfilled its social mission and sought to ease the lives of the less favored, by setting up hospitals, philanthropic homes, homes for the elderly, orphanages and other charitable institutions. In the Byzantine E...

The technology of keeping reindeer has its own characteristics that directly affect the productivity of reindeer husbandry. The main condition for further increase in the number of reindeer and increase their productivity is the rational use of pastures, that is, compliance with the correct methods of keeping and grazing reindeer. For the organization of the most complete and correct use of fodder grounds it is necessary knowledge not only of productivity of pastures, but also changes of vegetation under the influ...

The present study aims to analyze the perception of Eastern Europe in the thought and the political project of NiccolГІ Tommaseo, therefore, it seeks to examine not only the theoretical aspects, but also the geopolitical and geo-cultural significance of Eastern Europe, indispensable engine of the practical actions taken to bring about the desired path of emancipation of the peoples of that whole area. Aware of the value of this project, a source of inspiration for the actions of other patriots including Mazzini, t...

The article deals with the basics of the formation of tourism in society, reveals the content of the phenomenon of tourism, offers a unified social system of tourism, its essence, characteristics and philosophical purpose. The analysis of scientific understanding of the phenomenon of tourism based on scientific schools of the Western sociological science is carried out. An attempt is made to systematize the statements of European scientists about the commercial nature of tourism and the creation of a single touris...

In the modern world, various projective images of alchemy, of the alchemist, of the В‘great workВ’ and of the philosopher's stone were formed. The aim of the work is to search for the prototype of an alchemic operation and to prove that it is an operation to create a measure for measuring an unknown quantity that can be chemical, geometric, psychological or of some other nature. The method of investigation is a representative measurement theory based on assigning numbers to things; in this case, things are the let...

The relevance of the research is explained by global socio-cultural transformations affecting all spheres of the Russian society life. These changes actualized the search for mechanisms to overcome social fragmentation due to the political, economic, religious, ethnic and other crises of our time. The desire of society to reach agreement, in the context of sociocultural unity, overcoming the narrowness of the boundaries of "merger", is now transformed into a more voluminous concept of "inclusion". Inclusion in soc...

The article presents characteristic features of this type of buildings on the example of old and modern Orthodox churches of the borderland area. Their ideological message and spatial and functional shape are revealed in comparison with the traditional archaeological and symbolic structures of Orthodox churches that are considered canonical. They are also evaluated in terms of their liturgical servitude. The newly created temples, using traditional spatial and liturgical arrangements and at the same time the conve...

The article is devoted to the analysis of arguments in defense of the physicalist theory of consciousness in the version of "biological naturalism", or rather, "neurobiological naturalism". This approach to consciousness implies that consciousness, firstly, is considered as a property of the material system, and, secondly, it is the product of a long biological evolution. The philosophical grounds for this approach are the works of J. Searle, and neurobiological - the works of T.E. Fainberg and J. Mallatt. "Neurob...

The authors of the article are concerned with allusive proper names (APNs) functioning in the narrative discourse as culturemes (by Russian linguist V.V. Vorobyev) which mark fragments of social and cultural experience of humanity or lingvocultural communities. APNs are positioned above the vocabulary of common currency. Originating from the sphere of social and cultural practice they serve to concisely if not symbolically designate various parts of the semantic structure of the narrative discourse and introduce h...

This article is concerned with the “playful” strategy of decision-making developed by James G. March, which from his point of view is effective at all levels of human activities and can contribute to the transformation of the entire social structure of society. James G. March proposed the model of decision-making by individuals, organizations, social and cultural systems, which was based on the rejection of reasonable arguments in favor of sensible foolishness. The author demonstrates that the ideas of James G...

In this paper the negative social and economic consequences of raising the minimum wage for the regional economy on the example of Krasnoyarsk Region are discussed. It is shown that in Krasnoyarsk Region regional coefficients and northern wage surcharges have been established, and according to the Constitutional Court Decree No. 38-P of 07.12.2017 employers are obliged to charge them in excess of the minimum wage. As a result, the social guaranteed minimum wages in the region is even higher factually than the subs...

Modern airports and their surroundings are constantly changing, as does the form and functions of contemporary cities. So far, the public awareness associated airports with the place of plane landing, functioning of control towers and other facilities used for air transport. Currently, this traditional model gives way to the idea of the so-called air cities. This idea is based on the assumption that in addition to own infrastructure and services, the airport also develops additional services, not related to air, w...

The article offers an analysis of (legal) custom within Roman law and describes its different roles and functions. A customary law represents the oldest formal sources of law in human history. It was created by conduct of people who believed that they are obliged to follow rules created by repetitive continual action. It was dominant form of law in the archaic period of Roman law, but some of its remnants were persevered during whole existence of Roman Empire and beyond. The research is based on textual and histor...

This paper analyzes the relationship between knowledge, education focused on competences and education for entrepreneurship as an imperative of an individual, social, and economic progress. By way of analyzing strategic national documents which pertain to the entrepreneurial competence within the educational system of the Republic of Croatia, the theoretical approach opens up possibilities of a more complete overview of the relations in which education and man should take center stage in the postmodern and postind...

Speaking of constitution nowadays, the communist approach, i.e. treating it as a unilateral act of state power defining the obligations of the citizens and undertaken with little public participation, must be rejected. Such a concept of a constitution, assumed, already at its adoption, that the citizens remain passive in the process of implementation and subsequent realisation of its ideas. Additionally, saturating the constitution with ideological elements gave it the nature of a political declaration. In contras...

The efficiency and time saving constantly are actual subjects of the civil procedures and for solutions of civil disputes. The civil procedural principles and procedural sanctions are those aspects which should ensure the efficiency of hearing of civil disputes in courts. The author of this article is civil rights lawyer and has of many years standing practice experience. This article analysis the procedural principles and instruments which one are stipulated in civil procedural law in Republic of Latvia and Repub...

In this paper, the authors analyzed the prison system of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, as well as the way of achieving the idea of rehabilitation within prisons. By a case study method on selected examples of inmates of the Royal Court prison in Osijek, the authors tested the thesis that prisons could not fully implement the two ways of achieving rehabilitation. The analysis showed that rehabilitation could not be achieved in prisons by way of education. The main role in achieving rehabilitation was taken over by...

The article is devoted to the analysis of PlotinusВ’ notion of non-being. As a methodological base of the research, a problem-based approach is applied. The world in the PlotinusВ’ system is hierarchical. There are two opposite extremes in this world, the One and Matter. Plotinus described the One and Matter enabling us to raise the two questions that constitute the problem of non-being. First, is the One non-being? Secondly, is it necessary to recognize matter as non-being? At the same time, the analysis of The E...

The true and fair view principle is a key rule that has been functioning in accountancy for a very long time. In the face of an ever-growing world and new opportunities that have forced development and changes in the approach of accounting, the true and fair view principle became even more crucial. Its maintenance has become one of the prime goals for each person creating a financial statement. The theoretical part of the article was focused on showing the meaning of the true and fair view principle and its import...

The article analyzes the factors that determine the state of modern civil publicity, considers approaches to the understanding of its new forms. Actualization of the research of the phenomenon of publicity is conditioned by the formation of virtual reality, complication of political communication of the modern world, development of net-activism. The originality of the work is determined by the problematization of the contradiction between the impersonation of political communication in virtual reality and the need...

The focus of the paper is the nonclassical concepts of responsibility. They lead to the emergence of a specific responsibility ethics in the modern morality theory. There is much evidence that nonclassical concept of responsibility comes across meaningful changes in the understanding of responsibility nature. The changes emerge from the shift of the theoretical and methodological focus to the real-life context, to the reality of the moral life, to actions and responsible choice of the individual, to the rationale ...

Background: Healthcare associated infection generally poses a major risk for healthcare professionals. In addition, acute and intensive care is specific because there is often a very first contact between the health care worker and the patient. Blood-borne infections, which represent a major complication for healthcare professionals, are perceived as one of the most risky injuries, particularly in connection with needle-stick injuries. The first objective of the research was to verify the selected theoretical know...