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This article aims to clarify and emphasize the importance of general and essential characteristics that constitute the definition of man in philosophical anthropology. The methodology used is based on the tradition of the essential approach in the conception of man, and it is associated with a consistent application of a holistic approach. The question †What is man?' and the associated definition is not the issue of the individual existence; it is an attempt to find common characteristics of humans. The holistic...

Mircea Eliade's ideas developed in the scientific and literary works had considerable influence over the past century, both among historians of religions, imposing the discipline that he promoted in many prestigious universities from America and from around the world, and among other researchers in related fields of the history of religions. The question today is about what is left of Eliade's work after a careful analysis according to the grids of thought of our century. The question that has not yet found a defi...

Even, as well as other nations, traditional lifestyle, worshiped fire. According the belief of the Evens, the spirit of fire was called - Tov hinkenni (hinken muhon), consulted with him, "treated" after a successful hunt, or have been asked to them luck to home and the spirits of the locality took them well. The hearth was located in the midst of the tent, and in the way, hunting or fishing for cooking a fire was near the tent. Fireplace served as the sacred center of the home, the abode of the spirits of the hous...

A person who can be, in fact, indifferent to the values is often termed as to be tolerant. In contrast, Thomas Aquinas was on the opinion that every moral act, including the act of tolerance, rises from virtuous dispositions, and thus from internalized values. The aim of this paper is to discover and emphasize the importance of the thesis about the connection of virtues for proper understanding of the concept of tolerance in Thomas Aquinas. All virtues are connected on the natural plane in the prudence and through...

Cross-cultural relations in the frontier area are distinguished by specific characteristics and complexity, due to the fact that frontier itself is a heterotopic space. There is no conventional typology of this type of relations that could be applicable to any Russian frontier (the Low Volga Region, Siberian, Caucasian, etc.). The article proposes original variant of cross-cultural communication typology of the early frontier of the North Caucasus region. We have identified three types of cross-cultural contacts: ...

This paper critically analyses the theory of a world-renowned French philosopher, urbanist, and cultural theorist Paul Virilio. In this text, the focal point for Virilio is the character and condition of picnolepsy. What is picnolepsy? How has it been produced, arranged, and used over the centuries in human cultures? Virilio's book The Aesthetics of Disappearance is thus a book about how ancient, modern, and postmodern human cultures behave toward perceptual stability and breaks, photography, technology, conscious...

Nowadays music comprises a vital element of individually shaped acoustic human environment and appears in the public space, often as an acoustic wallpaper imposed on a listener. The aim of the paper will be to present the most significant aspects of the debate on the presence of background music in the public space in Poland, initiated in the 1960s by one of the major composers of the 20th century – Witold Lutoslawski (1913-1994) and recalled in 2013 (in the year of celebration of the centenary of his birth). Hi...

The relations between NATO and Ukraine have been discussed in scholarly literature for the two last decades. This issue obtained new dynamics after the 2014 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which had led to the annexation of Crimea and occupation of the eastern parts of the country by Russian army and forces controlled by Russia. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2014, NATO condemned the Russian policy on many occasions, provided Ukraine with diplomatic support and launched several programs that were supposed t...

According to a survey of Pew Research Center, 34\% of the US population has radically revised its policy for online behavior in favor of caution and concern about the safety of personal information. They did this after a series of network disclosures over the past 2 years. It is worth mentioning that 54\% of respondents say the inaccessibility of effective tools of network security and refer online protection to the peculiarities of the IT-professional's behavior. Our research does not apply to the field of protes...

Russia is one of the few countries in the world where life expectancy in the mid-2010s is the same as in 1960 or even lower. The leading causes of death are cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms, and external causes. This paper provides a summary of key aspects of mortality fluctuations in Russia since 1980. Adverse health behaviors responsible for excess deaths are identified. One of the aspects of the problem is a high level of premature mortality in the working age. The paper presents results of assessme...

Anxiety affects thinking, perception and learning and it can cause distortion of perception, reducing the power of concentration and the associative and evocative memory. Anxiety is one of the most common disorders encountered in clinical practice. Anxiety disorders have a significant impact on everyday life, causing the affected person to suffer greatly. Anxiety can be perceived as an inexplicable feeling of impending doom, as an unfounded and exaggerated concern related to everyday life or as an unjustified fear...

Sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices are well-established as being good for business — they're not just a public relations exercise. They tend to result in increased operational efficiency, reduced waste and increased product differentiation, which help improve business processes and profitability. Family businesses stand to gain even more, as these practices lead to more family pride, family unity and cohesiveness, which in turn have positive effects on business growth and profitab...

Romania has amongst the highest income inequality in the European Union, one of the most important dimension of this inequality being between rural and urban population of Romania. This paper is a descriptive attempt of highlighting the roots and the social consequences of this inequality, using data from National Institute for Statistics, but also Eurostat data. First, the article analyze the property structure as one of the sources of wealth and income in the rural areas, and concludes that the consecutive land ...

The paper deals with the social policy, social assurance and indicators of social help for seniors. It is about the period of senior age of human being. It refers to phase of aging process of life, its specifics and possibilities of meaningful seniority. We point out social status, position of seniors in society. We emphasize the quality of life from the point of view of health and social accuracy, full-value use of time, leisure, education. We think about active and healthy aging of seniors. The period of seniori...

The article touches upon one of the approaches to the solution of the problem of stable eco-economic development due to the implementation of the health risk concept. The methods of risk management allow us to take managerial decisions aimed at reduction of anthropogenic impact on the environment, providing relevant health care effects and not causing significant decrease of economic efficiency of business activities. The authors developed an assessment algorithm for health risks caused by industrial emissions. Th...

The analysis of companies' financial situation represents one of the main problems within organizations. Bankruptcy risk has determined financial analysts to develop analytical models in order to eliminate or minimize this risk. Among the most important assessment models of financial risk there are Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Cluster Analysis and Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA). Based on the MDA, Altman [1] developed a method for estimating the risk degree of an organization in terms of bankruptcy, ca...

In this paper the authors focus on the problem of portfolio selection based on Mean Absolute Deviation risk measure. They try to design new model based of the idea of event tree. It means, that the investor make the decision in every state of investment separate and hold the portfolio from previous period, or change the portfolio. So the investor can optimize the decision on the financial market. The biggest advantage of this model is, that the solution can be never worst like the solution, we get with standard op...

A.V. Morozova's article deals with the development of Art criticism and Spanish Art research in Russia starting from the middle of the 19th century up to the beginning of 20th century. This problem has been little studied in research literature on historiography so far. However, the knowledge of stages and factors of this development allows us to understand better the Spanish paining itself. Morozova compares the ideas of various authors of the time under study who speculated on Spanish art of the Golden Age repre...

The breakdown of the empire statehood and the establishment of soviet statehood in Russia were accompanied by the revision of the social roles of many members of the society and communities, including the university teaching community. The article is devoted to the crisis of the corporate identity of the university lecturers in Russia in the first years after the revolution (1917 – early 1920's.). According to the authors the crisis was caused by various factors. Firstly, if at the past, pre-revolutionary, socia...

Evaluation is one of the important strategic instruments for obtaining feedback and testifying to the functionality of the management system of research and development (R&D). Based on evaluation results, top representatives generally make decisions and then allocate and redirect funds to support public research in educational institutions. The intentions of science policy, proposals for priority directions of research, reform of the system of R&D and the reorganization of educational institutions are subsequently...

In most educational systems, school grades and grades obtained at national exams represent two basic indicators of academic success. Given the role that emotions play in student learning and achievement, it is important to understand the role that previous academic results and the perceived importance of grades to be obtained in future exams, play in the activation of students' academic emotions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations among students' previous grades, the perceived importance...

The purpose of this paper is to explore aspects influencing habits of information exchange in Latvian competitive environment. The study on implementation of competitive intelligence management in companies indicated the trends that employees of Latvian enterprises lack motivation to exchange information. Tasks of the study were to explore on the basis of the review of scientific sources and study aspects influencing habits of information exchange in Latvian organisations. For this particular study, the focus grou...

In the context of the increased incidence of psychic disorders and of man's need for healing, three psychotherapy Schools were developed in Vienna: 1) Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalitic School, whose deterministic theory is related to the principle of pleasure and which, consequently, speaks about the will to pleasure; 2) Alfred Adler's Individual Psychology School, which refers to the will to power; and 3) Victor Frankl's Logotherapy School, underlining the will to meaning. Along with these Schools, the accent has la...

The existence of many cultures and religions is a fascinating phenomenon which continuously raises questions. This is an inspiring phenomenon, stimulating intellect and emotions. This is a phenomenon which reveals old conflicts as well as instills joy and hope. In the past, all religions were isolated from each other and their convergence was impossible. Today, more and more often, their authentic interest in each other can be noticed. To a higher degree than in the past, symptoms of a mutual exchange of ideas and...

Emigration represents both an opportunity and a challenge for the EU. International migration is growing in scope, complexity and has a serious impact - both positive and negative - on the EU and the Member States. Migration is a complex process with a multinational character that cannot be managed unilaterally or bilaterally only, but through an effective management beneficial to everyone involved and considering its changing characteristics. Within this context, the migration policies of countries change dependi...

As the title implies the article deals with works of Video art based on paintings of Renaissance epoch. It is spoken in detail about works of Hermine Freed, Bill Viola, the group AES+F. Much attention is given to the detailed analysis of links between paintings and their video transformations. The article shows parallels in composition, color schemes, semantic and formal transformations.

Cultural landscape is the environment where the totality of elements created by both a human and nature interact. This landscape demonstrates the development of the society over time. It testifies to the symbiosis of social, economic and cultural processes. Evidence of different historical events and of social life in various epochs, cult and memorial objects co-exist in the landscape. Historically more significant and valuable environmental elements created by a human acquire the status of a cultural monument or ...

Democracy and the religious manifestations should not be opposite or divergent; on the contrary, they are complementary, if man's freedom is respected and correlated, however, to the perennial values of mankind and not to the various ways of falling from these values. Sociologists, philosophers, theologians (generically speaking), politologists and historians along with many other people with cultural and scientific concerns are looking for a new vision on the relation between democracy and religion, and on the ro...

I would like to present some ideas regarding historical process: its nature and principles. I will start with the idea of eternal return of Heraclitus (c. 535 – c. 475 BCE) and his „Ever-newer waters flow on those who step into the same rivers” thought. From his conception of cyclical historical process drew Oswald Spengler (1880-1936), who devoted his doctoral dissertation to philosophy of this Ionian thinker. I will discuss extensively Spengler conviction about the collapse of Western civilization which wa...

Psychiatric disorders have a huge impact on life, leaving deep scars on the suffering soul. Although modern man is concerned about spirituality, being attracted to everything representing energy, harmony, relaxation or meditation, he stands powerless when facing mental disease. Therefore we ask the questions: What is the real cause of these diseases and what role plays the Orthodox psychotherapy in the healing process? This study shows that the Orthodox theology's understanding of human inner self and the personal...

Poland is situated in the area of cultural and religious borderland, in the sphere of Greek-Slavonic and Latin influence. In the past, mutual contacts and attempts to exchange values were limited. Both churches, Roman Catholic and Orthodox, were structures of a rather closed character. However, examples of modern churches in Poland seem to prove that these separation tendencies of both Christian churches and cultures are now being reversed, which is not only a symptom of mutual dialogue, exchange of ideas, values ...

A lot of writers, academic researchers and publicists recognized in Latvia have written gastronomic texts. The year of 2012 is the culmination of gastronomic texts. This year and about this time, academic research on the vocabulary of culinary heritage in Latvia, as well as cookery books by writers and prominent people have been published. Actually, the latter are not instructions in culinary but rather narratives about interesting personalities, recipes given by classics of Latvian literature or their relations, ...

The paper analyses the trust of the Romanian citizens in political institutions and leaders at two different levels: first, it is taken into account the relation between trust and institutional performance, and secondly, the influence on trust of the ethical expectations of the population and of the current corruption and lack of accountability of the political actors. Citizens grant and withhold trust based on their evaluation of the performance of the actors and institutions of government, but scientific studies...

The ecstasys of creation has been among the main concerns of the great Russian philosopher. Therefore, in his opinion, creation refers to giving great benefit to mankind. The genius is the one providing the creation force/creativity, while holiness and asceticism turn off the creation power. This study shows why Berdyaev is describing the two concepts in antithesys, thus being outside of Orthodox theology notion of holiness. Berdyaev identifies the isolation and inner consumption of the ascetic with an impoverishm...

The purpose of this research was the development of the psychomotor capacity through movement games in the case of middle school pupils, even though the suitable development age it is considered ( Claparede E., Piaget J., Parlebas P.) to be of 6-8 years old. The longitudinal type teaching experiment was shaped around an applied psychological and teaching intervention, which aimed to estimate the influence of the movement games designed to develop certain components of the psychomotor capacity. This approach spread...

The purpose of our study is to provide a up-to-date comparative analysis of the performance management practices implemented in public sector institutions in European Union countries and to identify the ones that could be successfully adapted to the public sector environment of countries which still need to put an effort into the reform and modernization of their human resources management system. Performance management practices create the connection between individual and organizational objectives and provide th...

The concept of "hybridism" in political science has become the result of the theoretical search to describe the new political realities that have emerged in crises, "transitional" or different socio-cultural contexts. Hybrid forms of political institutions were the subject of research interest of V. Merkel, A. Croissant, G. O'Donnell, H.K.Bhabha, S.P. Peregudov, I.L. Prokhorenko, I.V. Kudryashova et al. The purpose of our research was to assess the status and trends of development of modern hybrid political instit...

The problem of orphan works is one of the main issues in modern copyright law (or we should say droit d'auteur because law of Continental Europe is much more concentrated on an author and his/her rights than on the problem of copying). Works labeled as orphan cannot be popularized because they are protected by law for seventy years from the moment of an author's death. The problem is that we do not know who the author is or what happened to him/her, if s/he is alive or not or who the heir apparents are and we cann...

The Directive 2005/60/EC and the FATF Recommendations prescribe and drive performance and assignment of specific tasks and duties for the non-financial sector professionals in the anti-money laundering system. The scope of their activities is limited to financial transactions, bounded by professional confidentiality; where the obligation to report suspicious activity is legislatively restricted to their core business. The low number of reported suspicious transactions by the non-financial sector professionals, as ...

The paper titled “Social Policy in the Second Fico´s Cabinet” discusses the period when the government headed by Mr. Fico started in 2012 after Ms. Radicova had resigned as the Prime Minister (2010-2012). The government of Ms. Radicova was a right wing cabinet. The Fico´s government is a government of one-party so he is able to implement completely his pre-election programme that is the basis for the programme of the national cabinet. There is the only one political party proclaiming the social-democratic or...

The main sources of the Russian legislation in the field of waste management have been analyzed. The principles of the state policy in the field of waste management have been identified. On the basis of the specific features of the interaction between territorial environmental authorities and natural resource users, the author proposes a mechanism which makes it possible to systemize the basic legal regulations for hazardous waste handling at an enterprise. The practices of waste management in the USSR, as well as...

In the current Romanian legislation, more specifically after the entry into force of the Civil Code on October 1, 2011, the notions of professional and enterprise become particularly important. This importance derives from the fact that the very notion of merchant is part of the larger sphere of the notion of professional. Also, the Civil Code renounces at the notion of merchant within the meaning of the Commercial Code, which had been repealed, but uses the professional, as subject of business relationships. Also...

The complementarity or harmony relations of the great works of the universal culture have been the subject of artistic analyses. Proportionality – the golden ratio – is a construction pattern that has always sparked debate, from various structures of nature to many outstanding artistic achievements that include the creation of architecture, art, music. In several works by contemporary Romanian composers, this concept of proportionality is present both in sound organization structures and in the architectonic c...

The article analyses the role of light in Russian avant-garde. Light, as the most important pictorial and expressive mean of art, is analyzed in the visual art of the beginning of the twentieth century. It is stressed that in Russian avant-garde light was revealed in a new way philosophically and technically. Much attention is given to the experiments with light undertaken by Michail Larionov, Natalya Goncharova, Vladimir Baranov-Rossine.

Evaluation in one of the important strategic instruments for obtaining feedback and testifying to the functionality of the management of research and development (R & D) system. Based on the evaluation results the top leaders generally make decisions and then allocate and redirect funds to support public research in educational institutions. This is primarily the so-called first and second role of universities, namely education, research and development. The intentions of science policy, proposals for priority res...

In last few decades we can see many failures of managers at every size of companies all around the world caused by lack of information. These managers who did bad decision were too tied to the operational requirements of business and the result of their bad decisions affected the whole company business and company strategy. The main problem of these failures are decisions driven by emotions, intuition or political influences inside or outside of the company instead of data and numbers driven decisions. Business In...

The article examines the economic and legal aspects of the functioning of the institute of public-private partnership (hereinafter - PPP) in view of the implementation of priority national projects and justifies an increase in the use of various forms of interaction between government and business in the conditions of overcoming the consequences of the global financial crisis and economic sanctions. The article reveals the problems of the conceptual framework in the studied field of relations and analyzes the doct...

Modern humanity lives in conditions of innovative economy, which is characterized by the swiftness of the environment development, the influx of large flows of information, the continuity of product and technological changes. All this causes uncertainty associated with the future and the lack of full protection of the individual against the economic and financial implications. Economic and financial instability related to the financial and economic losses, while the economic security is linked to certain condition...

Despite the steady growth of innovation activity enterprises in the global competition, they have difficulties in financing innovation. What are the opportunities and limitations for financing innovation enterprises development and what type of financing is most appropriate? The study defines these two issues as the most important to determine the innovation and investment strategy of the states and enterprises. To solve this problems the state strategy of the enterprises innovative development should focus on fac...

The taxes have always represented an important instrument of fiscal policy having a significant influence on the behavior of consumers of taxable goods. Potentially providing multiple effects and financial gains, they can be used as effective means of achieving the energy, transport, environmental, economic, and other goals. Although the EU has no direct jurisdiction over the selection of tax systems and tax forms of its member states, it seems that the limit of the indirect interference into the implementation of...