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In existing theories of human behavior the concept of self-interest is of immense significance. Debates over the self-interest in the economic theory have grown in scale as models of individual economic behavior within the rational choice theory and economic theory of welfare gained currency. The aim of the study is to explore modern concepts of self-interest and reveal trends in development of the self-interest theory as based on identification of preconditions, factors and criteria of rational behavior in hired ...

The goal of the research is to analyze the spatial economic dynamics by evaluating specialization of the Russian regions and concentration of manufacture in the country. In order to reach the set goal I studied the theoretical basis of the scientific problem, defined methodical instrument and gave an estimate of the regional specialization and geographical concentration of industry in Russia, shaped the corresponding conclusions. To analyze the concentration of industrial production I used Herfindahl-Hirschman ind...

The authors of this research paper believe that school principals play an irreplaceable role in raising the school efficiency. Their role is rather neglected in the Croatian academic debates on improving the quality of school system. This research intends to enhance the scientific level of their position as irreplaceable factors in a school system. The research aims to identify and illustrate the dominant model of Croatian school principals' leadership and management carried out in 3 Slavonian counties. Furthermor...

The paper analyses the specifics in the field of assessing school maturity and readiness in general, as well as with focus on children with visual impairment. At present, starting school attendance is, in the Czech Republic, conditioned by reaching the age limit of six years. In case of many children with visual impairment, this age limit is not suitable; it is, however, necessary due to the Czech legislation. In the event that a child is immature, it is possible to ask for postponing the commencement of school at...

Understood as a set of actions, applied systematically for the training and development of the people's intellectual, moral or physical skills, education represents an essential means of developing characters and personalities. We cannot speak of culture, or of civilization without education. In spite of the fact that some voices state that the Christian religion is non-cultural, the evidence shows the opposite, namely that Christianity has produced civilization - relying exactly on a certain “culture” of just...

It is impossible to imagine modern educational process without the use of e-technology. Quick searches for the information which you need, as well as e-Learning, personal gadgets are changing educational paradigms. The model of traditional education (Education 1.0), where knowledge was passed down from teacher to student, transformed quickly into a model of education through technology 2.0 Web 2.0. However, a recent trend has formed a new model - Education 3.0, where young people have the freedom of choice in obta...

In Poland there is a Higher Education Act introduced in October 2011, which imposes an obligation to monitor the careers of graduates. Career Office Maritime Academy in Szczecin conducted a first pilot research, which aimed to prepare the mandatory tests and tame the graduates for a new trial, which are cyclic test of careers of graduates: Navigation, Mechanical and Transport Engineering and Economics. The first research was conducted among graduates who have engineering or master exam by the end of 2012. The pape...

Gifted children are known to be special. They differ from their peers. Intellectually gifted children have an intellectual ability significantly higher than average. As a rule they show an interest to subjects their contemporaries never take in. It is obvious that they may have more problems in their life, education, relationships with those around them. High potentials can be affected and concerned about many circumstances. The goal of this article is to present possible difficulties of gifted children as well as...

Modern education values diversity in the classroom making no or few changes in classroom practices to deal with diversity issues. Nevertheless, teachers may facilitate classroom diversity by using pedagogical techniques avoiding, supporting and challenging students' learning ethno-cultural diversity and dealing with overt or covert ethno-cultural conflicts. This paper explores some of the ways to address students' conflict amid and around cultural diversity in the classroom. Interviews with 734 students of Peoples...

The authors of the study define the basic problems of moral education in primary and secondary schools. They point to the educational potential of a specific subject "Ethics" for the moral development of pupils. They analyse the learning opportunities of personal and socio-moral competencies of pupils in the process of formative assessment in teaching ethics.

There is a sharp contradiction between public policies to support SMEs and features of Russian national SMEs. Using western experience in Russia, doing some bright projects to stimulate small businesses was important twenty years ago. Quantitative and qualitative parameters of SMEs in Russia lag behind most countries, largely due to the structure of its economy with the traditional dominance of large enterprises and the prevailing business climate. Small and medium-sized business in Russia is not innovative, does ...

The paper deals with factors influencing business performance and their effect size detection by Canonical Correlation and Regression Analysis. The paper has come to a very interesting conclusion concerning a significant positive impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implementation on a business performance. Implementation of CSR has been believed to have a negative or neutral impact. What makes this discovery even more outstanding is the fact that this has been mined from the data related to the Czech b...

Background. The socio-economic performance of a country depends on the performance of its regions. In this paper we examined the differences between the performance of the regions of Visegrad group (Slovak Republic, Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland). Performance of countries and regions can be evaluated on the basis of various socio-economic indicators. We measured the performance of the regions using these indicators: gross domestic product per capita, employment rate and unemployment rate. In the paper a regio...

In the twenty first century the mankind with increasing frequency faces serious external and internal challenges such as space cataclysms, cardinal climate changes, drinking water shortage, air pollution, greenhouse effect, depletion, epidemics of already known and new viral diseases, military conflicts, etc. They are so massive and dangerous that they can't be solved by efforts of the certain states or even their unions and therefore the coordinated and consecutive actions directed on successful overcoming of ari...

The value of marketing mix in non-commercial organizations in the theory puts in doubt; however, in practice both commercial and non-commercial organizations today are actively using marketing methods for the development and promotion of their companies. The principal directions of activity of non-commercial organizations are the attraction of volunteers, financial means for the charitable purposes. That underlines the relevance of use of tools of promotion in resolving of these issues. The carried out analysis, u...

This article begins with a short presentation of the most important and current issues about internal audit. As a basis for the research we chose to highlight the role of supreme audit institutions (SAIs) in anti-corruption initiatives. As we know, the public sector in particular has a pretty slick platform regarding the funds, budget expenditures, and an ,,opaque transparency " of income. Article brings to the attention of readers recommendations for corruption strategies, in which ISA must focus on reducing oppo...

This study looks into the system of vocational education which serves the needs of creative industry; into how well prepared experts in the field of creative activities are; and also into the extent to which the needs of market are satisfied when it comes to creative and well-prepared workers. Moreover it analyses requirements of organizations active within the creative industry on higher education, qualification and personal qualities of workers in this sphere. Subjects of this analysis are following: social, eco...

The article deals the problem of developing methodology and its approbation on the basis of Russian regions. It is devoted also to the issues of understanding the influence of social and economic environment of the shadow activity (tax evasion) of economic agents. The issues of forecasting of tax evasion are also considered in the work. Results of the research of shadow economy show powerful impact of crisis tendencies in economy on shadow economic activity. Moreover, during crises a scale of shadow economy grows ...

The article is devoted to the study of drugs market. The theoretical and methodological aspects of drugs placement in official and informal economy, and its transitions to shadow and criminal sectors are specified. The behavioral and socio-economic factors of drug distribution are revealed. The issue of uncontrollable distribution of new psychoactive substances, possessing high potential addictiveness, need of their timely translation from shadow in to the criminal sector of economy are observed in the article. Th...

The globalization processes, that are taking place worldwide, blur the competition boundaries between nations and affect Russia's competitiveness. In recent years, the competitiveness of the Russian Federation has been limited. For instance, the Global Competitiveness Index, calculated by experts at the World Economic Forum, shows slightly better competitiveness of the Russian economy. In 2013-2014, its 64th place is not very prestigious, although compared with the last year, Russia has climbed from the 67th posit...

Company innovation is conditioned, among others, by top management: their mental focus on the development of innovative activities, the ability to allocate appropriate resources to this activity, the ability to identify and use external impulses, as well as the acceptance of many, even controversial points of view. The literature highlights the existence of a close relationship between education of executives and their innovation awareness. Few studies conducted in SMEs confirm the link and the impact of competenc...

Throughout the world there is a stiff competition among tourist destinations in general and health in particular, that should take care of the adaptation of modern policies, aggressive but also of increasing the quality of services. The practice of health tourism development revealed the fact that the absence of a unified strategy for local development, which could have been materialized in the General Urban Plan, it came as tourist sites to be realized casual and without grounded market research, going by the pri...

Tourism has both a positive and a negative impact on a tourism area, its economy and residents. Although is usually linked to its economic and environmental impact, no less valuable is its impact on socio-cultural elements. Social dimension of tourism is seen through tourists' staying, movements and interaction with other tourists as well as with residents of a certain tourist area. The extent and direction of the impact of tourism on residents significantly depend on the level of tourism development in a destinat...

Slovakia and the Czech Republic used to be two parts of a country, after its split they both underwent their own individual economic and social development. Nowadays both countries utilize their economic potential in a different ways that is reflected in their overall level of economic development and is determined by economic development of their regions. Both countries have a common feature that is socio-economic disparities in the development of the regions in each country. The issue of regional disparities has...

In this paper we investigated the influence of foreign direct investment, trade openness, level of development and level of education on Gini index (as a measure of income inequality). The analysis was conducted over the period 2000-2012, using data for 27 European Union member states. After a short statistical analysis we applied a Hierarchical cluster analysis, obtaining two main groups based on their level of GDP per capita. For each cluster we estimated a robust fixed-effect panel data model. The econometric r...

The objective of this paper is to determine the tendencies of poverty in the Republic of Croatia and the EU counties. The methodology included the measurement of poverty with the official EU poverty line. Material deprivation rate used by EU Member States is also used in the paper. Regression analysis (OLS method) was used to establish to what extent poverty risk rate can be reduced by increase in income. The main research result indicates that poverty in Croatia is increasing. Its increase has been particularly p...

The eagerness for knowledge, adventure, relaxation, escape the mundane and restoration of health has led to the continuous development of tourism worldwide, but also to the uncontrolled exploitation of tourist resources. This has led to the appearance and implementation of the concept of sustainable development in tourism. Salt mines are considered to be special tourist attractions that offer multiple valorisation possibilities. In Romania there are, in Transylvania and the sub-Carpathian area, important deposits ...

In the early Nineteenth Century (1803-1805), is drawn a plan of the central area of Bucharest, from Mihai Voda area to bridge the current Union Square (Piata Unirii). This plan was made due to disputes arising between riparian Dambovi?a on artificial watercourse diversion. The city plan from 1806, made by the General Harting (Russian commander), is entitled "The Plan of Bucharest camp situation, made in 1807 by the civil engineering department attached to the army under General Michelson cavalry." The plan has a s...

Studying the identity issues occupies one of the leading positions in Russian and world humanitaristics. The approaches to understanding the essence of †corporate identity' phenomenon are different. Within the frames of the first approach, corporate identity is considered as a part of professional identity. The issues of corporate and professional identities from the point of personality socialization and personality's professional growth (R.B. Berns, V.A. Yadov, E.R. Ahmetshina, O.L. Leybovich). Within the fram...

The purpose of our research is to identify opportunities for improving the strategic management of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by utilizing digital advancements. Our main objectives were: identifying the degree of adoption of digital technologies by SMEs in comparison with large companies; assessing responsiveness and the degree of adaptation to the digital SMEs management; formulating recommendations for strategically managing SMEs in the digital era. SMEs better adapting to the changes generated by the d...

The dynamics of the tourism accommodation infrastructure in the IalomiЕЈa Subcarpathians is presented, stressing the main tourist axes of the Prahova and IalomiЕЈa River and the secondary tourist axes of the DamboviЕЈa and Cricovul Dulce River. According to the present classifications, both the evolution of the number and of the types of tourist structures with accommodation functions, and dynamics of the number of the accommodation places and of the tourist capacity of the existent accommodation are analyzed. A p...

The economic development of each country strongly depends on the successfulness of the business. Due to this the article examines the small and medium enterprises (SME) in Lithuania's economy. The aim of the paper is to show what role youth employment plays in Lithuanian labor market and in the country's economy. Therefore the main aim of the paper is to make the analysis of youth labor market in the gender aspect and show its contribution to the Lithuanian economy. For the analysis the data from Lithuanian Depart...

Siberian Jews occupied their niche in Jewish Sciences long ago. The problems of social adaptation of Judaists in Siberia in XIXth - the beginning of XXth centuries were paid much attention to in scientific papers of XXth – the beginning of XXIth centuries. At the same time particular issues associated with development of the economy of the Jewish community and their place and role in the development of distinct entities in Siberian regional areas were insufficiently examined. The given paper presents the solutio...

The article discusses the main results and problems of provincial communists' social mobility during the 1920s on the basis of the representative sample from Communist party census held in 1927. The study of gender aspects of social mobility allows to claim that the influence of gender stereotypes still remained at that period and led to the discrimination of women even within Communist party.

The research focuses on the study of culture as a complex self-organizing system and the identification of significant relationships between the observed peaks of the creative activity in such fields as art, music, literature, philosophy, science and technology. To establish the relationship between the development of cultural fields and development of society the structural-demographic theory was used, according to which a state goes through integration and disintegration phases during its existence. According to...

Starting from the middle of the 19th century, several reading circles were established in the wide countryside, villages, and areas covered with farms. These were autonomous organisations established by the inhabitants, covering the local society of a smaller zone, town district or border section. By the end of the 1930-ies, approx. 1800 such associations operated in Hungary, with approx. 150,000 members. Also including the members' families and relatives, altogether 700,000-800,000 people were related to these as...

This essay deals with the ideas of the Czech phenomenological philosopher Jan Patocka. In particular, I investigate Patocka's conception of the relation of art to †deep' and †superficial' history, which he sketches in his essays from the 1930s and the 1940s. Patocka sketches this conception in the context of his considerations of the various types of education. Patocka shows that art, philosophy, historiography, politics, economy and science represent various †educational powers,' which shape human history. ...

The Stolypin's Agrarian reform (1907-1916) became a principle phenomenon in the economic life of Russia at the beginning of the XX century. In the course of the reform 1.5 million peasants migrated to Siberia and to Central Asia. Among migrants there were Russian Germans (Russladdeutsche) from the Volga region and provinces of the south of Russia. The Stolypin's reform resulted in the advent of a new ethnic group, i.e. Siberian Germans who played the key role in the economy of the Asian part of the Russian Empire....

Addresses two main periods in the history of the newspaper "The Permian Provincial Gazette" associated with the stages of development of Russian society in the XIX - early XX centuries.: pre-reform and post-reform. The history of this publication has been closely associated with the processes of modernization in Russian society, which led to the development and dissemination of periodicals in Russia in the first half of the XIX century, including an official of the provincial press. Strengthening the process of mo...

This article will delineate a set of aspects of Ioan Petru Culianu (1950-1991) philosophical viewpoint – what will be called here Culianu's model. Culianu was a Romanian-born historian of Religions, a Literary Theory scholar, and also a fiction author. Culianu's model is an original way of researching Religion (at first), with the intention of extending on Humanities in general, Science and even Literature. It was started by Culianu in several books and articles, but unfortunately it remained unfinished because ...

The article shows the main propositions of the Russian idea of the representatives of the Russian social-philosophic thought, determines whether the ideas proposed by our predecessors are urgent today, argues for the necessity of the existence of the national idea in modern Russia and its influence on the destiny of the Russian nation.

The Tatar's conception of the world is connected with influence of pagan faith and millennial Islam traditions and its value system. Islam got into everyday life of an individual and had an effect on their lifestyle and household activities. People changed the world not only in the material plan, but also in the mental way. We can get information about how the society lived and what the time was like through studying the things people created. To define the inner mental world of a person a specific lexical item ku...

Agricultural and Weather-lore is a unique monument of folklore. It accumulates practical wisdom of people, experience gathered during the centuries and carefully passed on from generation to generation. It has been proved that agricultural and weather-lore is closely linked with customs, amulets and talismans. The aim of this article is to reveal whether we can take agricultural and weather-lores for linguistic units. This question has appeared because many scientific investigations have been made devoted to vario...

Contrastive-comparative studying of languages and literatures serves the spirit of modern integration processes in the world, especially in the sphere of science and culture. At the present stage, marked by multilingualism, and intensity of cross-cultural and cross-ethnic contacts, it is necessary to develop a number of key questions of cross-cultural communication. The study of its various sides is important for formation of the tolerant language personality knowing several languages and living in different cultu...

This article focuses on the reverse side of the anthropological fieldwork on a case of explorer's identity. This case uncovers the process of research work inside the island community of Solovetsky archipelago. The main aspect of this paper is autoreflexion of a scientist. First of all he has the status of a spectator. On the next stage we find him as a participant involved, to a greater or lesser extent, in social action, production processes inside the community. But even being simply a spectator of random scene...

The article deals with the problem of language influence on the formation of national images of the world in the conditions of globalization and the Internet space expanded potentialities. Since a language as a system of symbols and a communication code preserves and transmits the accumulated experience of generations, it serves to determine the borders of ethnocultural identity, to ensure the reproduction of national images of the world and the historical and cultural succession. Under the influence of globalizat...

A group of researchers from the Department of Mathematical Linguistics of St.Petersburg State Universityhas been developing scientific and educational web resource dedicated toplace names of Ingermanlandfor several decades.This project began in early 2000s, when database on place names of Ingermanland was created. This database was developedon the base of place names register, collected in the course of a number oftoponymic expeditions in St. Petersburg Government and Kareliafrom1970s until the present day. In thi...

The paper is devoted to the analysis of sacrifices of the peoples of the Volga region. These sacrifices symbolize the “initiation” of the select few (priests and benefactors) into an otherworldly sphere that it is possible to compare with absolution from sins. According to the theory of the French scientist Marcel Mauss the sacrifice falls into a category of “the sacred” along with magic and prayer, has the scheme, general and special functions. It is supposed on the ground of the existentialistic approach...

The development of the travelogue genre in a national literature is closely related to the geographical and mental cartography that characterizes the respective territory. Moreover, the strategies for perceiving, mapping and describing the lands, countries and regions which the writer has become familiar with while traveling are usually informed by the historical tradition and the ideological context of one's epoch. The travelogue genre in any national literature is one of those literary genres that essentially de...

The article is devoted to the university teaching community of Russia at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries as a particular social category of Russian society. Despite being a relatively sparse group, even from the XIX century, it played a significant part in the life of the country and often was a marker of the social and political processes occurring in Russia. Appeal to the specified object allows us to fill one of the gaps in the comprehensive analysis of the social history of Russia in the late XIX – early ...