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In terms of legal theory, Ukraine, as the main structural element of the political system, carries out the state policy the aim of which is provided in the Constitution of Ukraine. This policy is demonstrated in different directions, defining the main objectives and content of the state activity in all areas of public relations. One of the structural elements of the state policy is legal policy, the main task of which is to create an effective system of social relations regulation by legal means. Depending on its ...

The contribution will focuse on the most controversial issues in the mechanism of human rights protection at the level of the EU and their current reflections in the time of crises, including the proposals de lege ferenda. The key part of the paper will be dedicated to the issues of the judicial enforcement of the provisions of the Charter reflecting the fact that this Union´s catalogue of human rights does not bring its own control mechanism in the form of the special procedure (on the contrary to the European Co...

The political crisis in Macedonia deepens and it is far from finding a proper and long-lasting solution. The opposition and position parties after the December 11 elections accuse each other for corruption and treason, which prevents the formation of the government and its focusing towards Euro-Atlantic processes and democratic principles. In addition, in this paper we are going to emphasize the role of the political elites and their political ethics, taking in consideration their responsibility for the long lasti...

The scientific purpose of the research is, first of all, an analysis of currently in force and previously in force provisions of Polish law, aiming at identifying and pointing out the amendments, which took place in the Polish legal system with regard to an institution of public-private partnership agreement, and thus to show the evolution of the institution of this agreement. Passing an Act of 19 December 2008 concerning public-private partnership (Journal of Laws of 2015, item 696, with amendments) a legislator ...

The article is devoted to the issues of constitutional goals definition and constitutional values in the sphere of public power organization in modern Russia. The authors note the special role and importance of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in determining constitutional goals and values and reflect on how effectively the Constitutional Court manages the mission of the determinant of goals and the creator of values. Also, the authors tried to understand the issues, including: the necessity and ...

The article describes significant changes in corporate governance in the Czech recodification of the Czech private law. In the Czech Republic, from 1992 to 2014, the Act No. 513/1991 Coll. the Commercial Code, regulated only the dualistic (two-tier) model of joint-stock companies internal structure. Currently, the dualistic model and the newly regulated Czech monistic (one-tier) model of a joint-stock company is regulated in the new Act on Commercial Companies and Cooperatives (“the Business Corporations Act“) No....

The scope of this study is the problem of universality and conventionality of human and civil rights. This institute is legislatively recognized in almost all modern legal systems. The shared values are the values that define the position of the individual in society - freedom, equality, justice. But representatives of each civilization have their own world view that affects the interpretation of these categories. It is no accident that the adoption of universal international acts on human rights is accompanied by...

The article analyzes the role and significance of health protection activities in the processes of social interaction at the national (internal) and international levels. The authors focus on the contradictions existing in modern societies in the relations between different social strata, on the discrepancy between the interests of the political elite and the interests of the majority of citizens, on the confrontation of the world elites among themselves, which contributes to the development of social alienation p...

According to the European Space Agency statistics posted on July 2013, the orbit contains a curious number of debris. Specifically, there are more than 170 million debris smaller than 1 cm (0.4 in), and about 670,000 debris ranging between 1 and 10 cm. Further, around 29,000 larger debris were estimated to be in orbit. Figures from the U.S Strategic Command drafted report indicate that in the Earth’s orbit, there are 17,852 artificial objects, including 1,419 operational satellites. Due to the fact that we can cou...

The present paper-work aims to find some explanations for the decline of official statistics in Romania after the World War I, despite a promising tradition. My contribution consists of two main perspectives: a comparative approach (highlighting potential sources of influence, looking at other contemporary European patterns of organizing statistical services) and a close-up view of institutional development of this field in Romania, in the first half of interwar period (using archive documents and other primary so...

The present contribution aims to provide a fresh look at the short-term impact of a revolutionary and highly controversial political and juridical innovation: the Romanian electoral reform from March 1926. With the help of the sources from the epoch (archive documents, parliamentary debates, press articles, memoirs), I restored the decisive stage of the debates on this bill, I examined the main problems raised on this subject, and I recovered the most important contemporary perspectives – from authorities and from...

After the war in Kosovo, the country declared the independence, and the European Union’s mission after Kosovo’s independence will be the focus of this paper. The history of the newest state in the Europe and the course of its relations with Serbia over the last century will be reviewed in this paper is well. NATO’s intervention, which definitely split Kosovo from Serbia, has created the possibility for the EU mission in the country. One side as if had played a positive role in the region, as is considered by the m...

Currently, the most challenging issues in the digital economy are legal issues. Data protection in the digital world, and processing of a number of information on a daily basis is one of the most important achievements that must be accomplished when considering regulatory framework in micro and macro surrounding. Data and their protection are crucial and the most important issue in process of connecting and consolidating information. Data protection reform is one of the cornerstones of the Digital Single Market. T...

Initially, only states were capable of running space programs. The period of rivalry between the greatest powers after World War 2 brought the dynamics of space exploration and the improvement of space technologies. During the cold war period, USA and the USSR were concerned that the other states could gain an advantage by sending armaments of mass restriction and conventional weapons to the orbit. In 1969, the first human landed on the Moon and stuck a US flag on its surface. Denis Tito flew in space in 2001 as a...

Background: The main goal of this article is the study of the citizen’s attitudes to corruption in Russian megalopolises as a problem of the human resources quality development. On the one hand we have got an information about level of negative citizen’s attitudes to corruption, but on the other hand there is opportunity to give them some rules to prevent from to be corruptors. Therefore, there is one of the channels for quality development of socially responsible members of society. Methods: The author have descr...

Corruption is one of the biggest challenges of the time, a worrying phenomenon for the whole society, therefore society most oppose it by trying in various ways to prevent it. Corruption as a great evil, today is present in all societies in all its forms, certainly in some countries is more extended and in some other less extended. Corruption is one of the heaviest forms as a prevalent appearance in modern societies and unfortunately, some forms of the corruption have become an everyday concern in our country. Cor...

Being multiethnic and multi-religious society should be considered a strong point for any society on earth. The Republic of Macedonia has had the “honor and challenge” of having a very heterogeneous population in terms of its ethic and religious composition. The demographic structure of the population in the country is very specific, since all religions can be found among all ethnic groups with the country. Although the country is divided alongside ethnic lines, such lines become very blur when it comes to religio...

According to the Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia, the Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia is a representative body of the citizens and the legislative power of the Republic is vested in it. The organization and functioning of the Parliament are regulated by the Constitution and by the Rules of Procedure. As a representative body, the Parliament decides on behalf of the citizens based on the will of the electoral body and of the trust during the time of its mandate, therefore, the Parliament is a lega...

The aim of the article is the fulfillment of the comparative legal analysis of the property rights protection in the civil law of the Republic of Kazakhstan and countries of the European Union. The research is based on the spectrum of the civil legal provisions, which regulate the issue of the property rights protection in the civil law of Germany, France and the Republic of Kazakhstan, their compliance with the current requirements and the ability to meet the challenges of time and thereby the development of the ...

The article is devoted to the issues of personal data regulation in the Russian Federation. Indeed, protection of personal data of an employee occupies an important place in the legislation and judicial practice of the Russian Federation. The author analyses a number of legal acts, as well as certain judicial practice relating to storage, processing and transfer of personal data of an employee. The author emphasizes that on the basis of the judicial practice the criterion of excessiveness in respect of transfer of...

Division of power as a base principle of construction of state power is a major precondition for establishment and construction of democratic and functional states in accordance with international acquitted standards and practices. The last political and institutional crisis in RM reveals serious flaws in functioning of justice system, as corruption, politization, scope of judicial institutions from politics, etc., but above all the loss of citizens’ faith. The rule of law, democracy and respect for human rights a...

The Czech Republic has not yet ratified or acceded to the Convention of the International Labor Organization (hereinafter referred to as "ILO") No. 189 on Foreign Workers. In the vote on the adoption of the Convention in 2011, the vote was abstained and, on the basis of the Czech Government's failure to ratify, the Senate Senate on Health and Social Policy of the Senate of the Czech Parliament on 8 August 2012 decided that the Czech Republic would not join the ratification of the Workers' In a foreign household. T...

While also examining procedures related to a direct vote for the president in various European countries, findings in the present paper have been based on an interdisciplinary approach to implementing the system through a constitutional amendment in the Czech political system. With occasional references to other European countries, the new legislation on presidential elections in the Czech Republic is presented with a focus on several issues; firstly, the extraordinary importance of the arrangement for the Constit...

France is a traditional European democracy. Its political system was relatively stable since late 1950s with two political blocs. Right – usually connected with the ideas of Charles de Gaulle and left – represented by Socialist party. The situation seems to be different in 2017. As François Hollande became extremely unpopular he decided not to candidate in 2017 anymore. Socialist party chose Benoît Hamon to be candidate but his result 6, 36 % in the first round was poor and more – the worst in the history of Socia...

A series of big scandals from 1990s has drawn attention to the corporate sector and has brought about questions regarding the quality of the legislative scope of corporate governance. Apart from the active role of corporate governance as the key factor in protecting companies from corporate crime, particularly on the microeconomic level, its contribution on the macroeconomic level is also not negligible in terms of its impact on the effects of illegal business operations through the implementation of money launder...

In order to detect the possible ways and obstacles in promoting diversity through the Parliament, we shall briefly introduce the issue of diversity from the perspective of political philosophy and political theory. This will help us create a better comparative framework for the case of the Republic of Macedonia and see if any of the suggestions coming from this stream of thinking are applicable in our scenario. Starting from the premise that the Republic of Macedonia is home to many ethnic groups and is hence mult...

In the financial contracts the parties are not on equal terms because the financial client expresses his willingness to conclude the contract on the basis of information provided by the intermediary. For the European legislation clients must be classified by intermediaries as retail, professional and eligible counterparties. The classification proposed by the intermediary may be rejected by the client, who may ask to be classified differently. When a client’s request to be classified in a certain category is autom...

The interaction between the state and society can be regarded as a phenomenon characteristic of modern society which characterizes the degree of domination of one of the elements of this system. But if we accept as a postulate that interaction is a natural and necessary process, then the static idea of interaction as a phenomenon becomes the dynamic concept of interaction as a process. So, from an applied point of view, the interaction between the state and society is much more interesting to imagine as a complex ...

Nowadays the world is changing in many ways. There is a significant influence of the climate change, which can make natural disasters even stronger than before. Moreover, the disaster consequences are more serious due to rising living standards in developed society, the rising level of urbanization, technological development, migration and density of population, and other changes in environment. The organizations of crisis management in public administration have to implement a number of measures to react to these...

The ideas of interest existing today in the theory of civil law are described in this article. Two types of interest are defined: interest as "user fee" (Art. 317.1 of Civil Code of the Russian Federation) and interest as "responsibility for illegal use" (Art. 395 of Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The conclusion is that there is a distinction on the nature of these interests. Features of legal regulation of the interest charged as responsibility are considered. Peculiarities of legal regulation of interest...

History has shown that a high risk of accidents happening exists when a state operates an atomic power plant. It is widely agreed that the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident of 1986 is one of the two worst accidents of this type ever to happen. The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant itself was situated around 15 kilometres away from the Belarusian border and Belarus was the country affected the most by the disaster. One would rationally expect that such lessons are taken into account by the governments of various c...

The Romanian criminal law confers a much broader significance on the notion of civil servant than the law of administrative contentious. By virtue of these regulations, some categories of public officials, under certain conditions, if they do certain things, will not be criminally liable for corruption or service offenses. In the present paper, we propose to analyze the different categories of civil servants and the way in which they are criminally responsible for the acts of corruption. We will carry out a legisl...

The text deals with the development and methods of robotization in contemporary armed conflicts. The contribution tries to present the main advantages of these vehicles as being the main reasons for their current use by the armed forces and expected proliferation in the near future. We can observe a new trend in the armed conflict in the last two decades – use of advanced systems of unmanned vehicles in such a range that many military and academic experts talk about a new wave of revolutionary changes in the milit...

The proposed text focuses on the conflict analysis and application of current typologies and methods within its framework. It sums up the overview of the most relevant methodological approaches and tries to highlight their limits in the analysis of the current conflicts, which have by far more different characteristic features than in the past. At present time the characteristic features of military conflicts have appreciably changed in comparison with military conflicts which have been happening in the past. Expe...

The scientific purpose of the research is, first of all, the analysis of Polish legal provisions aiming to determine whether the institution of public-private partnership, regulated by these provisions – as one of contemporary applied method of performing of public tasks – affects the efficiency, effectiveness and speed of public administration tasks, including the tasks of local government units. The Polish Act of 28 July 2005 concerning public-private partnership (Journal of Laws of 2005, item 169, with amendmen...

This article is devoted to the support of families with children provided by the state, which is often discussed and still being topical issue. Labour-law claims of employed parents having small children are connected to their specific working conditions. By social claims, claims to financial benefits provided by the state within the periods of pregnancy and parents‘care of small children are meant. The aim of this article is to explain the given topic as for its legal frame as well as to determine the fundamental...

In the article the author analyses an open issue of calculating proxy votes in the takeover threshold according to Croatian Law. Since the Takeover Bids Directive does not specify the percentage of voting rights, which triggers the obligation to launch the takeover bid, nor the method for calculating the threshold, Member States are left to decide on these issues. The Croatian legislator has adopted the provisions on calculating the number and percentage of voting rights in Article 8 of the Croatian Takeover Act. ...

The principle of separation of powers, explained more simply, means that the three basic functions (activities) of the state need to have different bodies: the one who approves the law should not judge and govern, and vice versa, thus, the one who judges must not approve the law or the one ruling should not judge. Each function must have its own particular organs, they must not all join in the hands of a man or a body. Among the fundamental values of the constitutional order of the Republic of Macedonia exhibited ...

Positivism has been the dominant paradigm across the social sciences. Its quasi-monopoly has been broken only in the last several decades when with the publication of Thomas Kuhn’s grounbreaking study The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), other meta-theoretical stances have managed to assert themselves. From the 1980s onwards, the field of International Relations (IR) has witnessed the emergence of a reflectivist current characterized by the embrace of post-positivism. Reflectivist theories – from postst...

Each system has its flaws and weaknesses. Problems in domestic practice usually outperform by analyzing the experiences of foreign jurisdictions and by incorporating foreign solutions to domestic legislation. In a global world, the legal systems are increasingly encountered the same problems and innovate similar solutions. As a result, the systems are approaching each other. This phenomenon has not bypassed our criminal procedural law of the Republic of Macedonia. Namely, the present analysis of the development of...

During the last couple of months the Republic of Macedonia has been amidst a deep political crisis ever since the leader of the largest opposition party started publishing wiretapped conversations of the highest ranking authorities with the core of the countries government including those from the prime-minister, leaders of the political parties, key ministers and key representatives from within the secret services of the country. The affairs that has to do with many millions of dollars, abuse of power. Corruption...

Objective vision of the quality of working life contributes to a better adaptation when performing job functions. Education contributes much to understanding by young people about the quality of working life. The purpose of the study is in formulating the important practical and theoretical problem, namely how the status of the quality of working life affects decision-making in groups of graduate students in favour of choosing an educational path or job speciality. In the proposed article, the authors continued to...

The article discusses the political aspects of migrants’ integration on the example of Sverdlovsk region of the Russian Federation. The author pays special attention to the study of integration of migrants from Central Asia as one of the most numerous and, however, different from the local population category of migrants. From the point of view of the author, given the border location of the Sverdlovsk region in relation to the Central Asian States, as well as the high level of its economic development, making the...

The European Union (EU) and the USA have two very different models of personal data protection (European terminology) or information privacy law (American terminology). EU law has a defined and clear concept of personal data and a general law to protect this fundamental right. Meanwhile, the USA does not have a uniform definition of information privacy or personally identifiable information (PII); and it has only some sectorial laws to protect privacy in some markets. Personally identifiable information is one of ...

The draft of “The Conception of State Policy in the Religious Sphere for 2017-2020” was developed in Kazakhstan on behalf of the Head of State, but it has not yet been approved by the Parliament. Nevertheless, it is obvious that it will be rubber-stamped, like most other documents initiated by the President. The purpose of this paper is to analyze what changes in the sphere of social relations and, in particular, in the religious situation in the country, this conception embodies. Methodology. In the course of the...

Closely held companies are a common form of conducting business not only in Croatia, but at the level of comparative law as well. Since in these companies shareholders are closely connected, they actively participate at all company levels as owners, managers and employees. As in partnerships, interpersonal connection lies at the heart of their relations. Owing to its features, closely-held companies face specific issues with regard to corporate governance, such as the potential conflict of interest between the sha...

Regarding to the meaning of constituionality, both in constitutional and juridical theory, as well as in many different works of various theorists, appear different opinions. Legal theory mainly deals with constitutionality in the legal sense, not fulfilling this with the political meaning. Political theory and sociology, in the first place, consider constitutionality as a political principle. Handling it in a separate way leads to their unilateral conclusion regarding the concept of constitutionality. The former ...

This article raises issues related to development of a modern state’s foreign policy in the context of intensifying the processes of economization of foreign policy and politicization of economy against the background of globalization transformations. In this regard, economic type of diplomacy as smart power allows medium and smaller nations to participate in international processes with maximum efficiency. Special part of the article is dedicated to reviewing the influence of globalization on strengthening the ro...

The nowadays Europe appears to us as a scenery reflecting, in other images, the history of a continent revolved by attempts, disputes, challenges for the exceeding of which is necessary finding, every time other solutions, the aimed finality being every time the same, security and peace on continent. The history has reflected the necessity of an international alliance between states, the fundamental aim being to ensure stability on a regional and continental level, as well as the fact that alliances created by mil...

This study deals with the role and place of social rights in the legal system of the first Czechoslovak Republic. The aim is to point out that the first Czechoslovak Republic did not adopt market economy right from the beginning of its formation. After the end of the First World War there was the gradual transition of the Czechoslovak war economy towards market economy. The milestone was the adoption of the Czechoslovak Constitution in 1921, which not only signalized the development of civil rights but also social...