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The future in jurisprudence, including crime prevention and control, is increasingly marked by the development and use of new technologies. Among the before-mentioned developments, quite essential perspectives are attributed to large data systems and artificial intelligence (AI). The use of artificial intelligence in crime control comprises organizational, technological and legal aspects.Artificial intelligence possesses selfdevelopment capacities whose evolutionary trend might be difficult to prognose and, probab...

The State is the main subject of public international law and the main actor on the international scene. The role of states in the development of international relations has evolved over time, starting with the classical manifestation of state sovereignty and reaching to this day when the role of individually viewed states has gradually yielded ground to international organizations such as the European Union or the United Nations. This is due to the fact that, in line with the new global challenges, states singula...

The Aztecs are among the most prominent, most developed and even the most explored pre-Hispanic (prior to the Spanish 16th century colonization of the Americas existing) cultures of Mesoamerica, a culture-historical area comprising Central and Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and certain parts of other Central American states except for Panama. In a broader sense, Aztecs can be identified with Nahuas, who dominated the relatively independent region of Mesoamerica called Central Mexico (the Mexican Valley and its...

The internationality of family relationships can be determined by one or both of the following factors: the presence of members of different nationalities in the couple or the location of assets and real estate belonging to the couple in States other than the one in which the couple resides. Couples are international if the two parties have different nationalities, live apart in different countries and/or live together in a country other than their home country. After the UKВ’s decision to leave the European Union...

The EU Regulation 2016/1004, entered into force on 29th January 2019, regulates the property consequences of cross-border couples in registered partnerships and recognizes to the partners the same rights of married couples. Registered partnerships initially originated often for the legal recognition of same-sex couples, as the European Court of Human Rights required countries to ensure them specific rights, but not necessarily to recognize same-sex marriage. As a result, nowadays we have a complex taxonomy of lega...

In the Romanian legal system, labor law, as a branch of law, consists of the individual right of labor law, which refers to the individual labor relations of the employees with their employers and the collective labor law, which refers to the collective working relations, respectively the legal regime of trade unions, patronage, collective bargaining and strike. The main laws governing the two sides of labor law are Law no. 53/2003 (Labor Code) and Law no. 62/2011 (Law on Social Dialogue). Year 2011 was very impor...

The recent sentence of the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation on the well-known case of Massimo Giuseppe Bossetti, in which thousands and thousands of genetic profiles were analysed, offers an occasion for a number of observations on the subject: on the one hand, on the genetic proof and its value in the Italian criminal process and, on the other hand, on the role of the DNA database which in Italy, in contrast to other European situations, as yet contains few profiles. In fact, even if active since 2017, it only ...

The article is devoted to current problems of the legal regime of protection zones of land of communications in Ukraine. Land of communications is part of the lands of industry, transportation, communications, power supply, defense and for other purposes, as one of the nine categories, in which all lands of Ukraine are divided depending on their intended purpose. According to Article 75 of the Land Code of Ukraine, land of communications are used for construction of aerial and cable telephone and telegraph lines a...

In the Czech Republic, regulation of non-proprietary damage is being dealt with by both labour and civil law. Compensation of non-proprietary damage involving work injury is being dealt with in the Labour Code. It is conditioned by such fact that work damage was caused when fulfilling the working tasks or caused in direct connection with it. In case the non-proprietary damage would occur outside the working tasks fulfilment then compensation would be solved by the Civil Code. However, as for the rules considering ...

Growing interest of subjects to be involved in electronic information network raises the necessity for a series of procedural measures. The main role in this issue is dedicated to the growth of information types existing in electronic format and its legal aspects which need to establish a stable normative regulation. These problems in their turn create a question on the evidence value of information existing in electronic form. The question is particularly important in the cases when communication between the part...

The tapping is one of the information-technical means, which are regulated by the Slovak criminal procedure law, especially for investigation of most serious crimes like terrorism, organized crime or economic crime. Its meaning is that the getting of evidences is provided from persons, who have relevant information for the criminal procedure in the real time. Their conversation is spontaneous and information, which they are sharing, are not distorted. However, considering the fact that this mean is necessary conne...

Forensic chemistry as a part of forensic science seems to be appreciated by judicial bodies. Nevertheless, relations and cooperation between authorities conducting proceedings and an expert from such complicated and specific field can be very difficult. The group of forensic experts applying chemical analysis methods for evidence purposes in criminal trial in Poland were surveyed within the studies. Types of physicochemical methods used by forensic experts and approaches utilized for presentation of results in opi...

In terms of the economic, historical and structural transformations, the Romanian energy sector has contributed and essentially contributed to the country's development and development process through its profound influence on the quality of life, the competitiveness of the economy, the environment and the climate. To support the expectations of energy consumers, the Romanian energy sector must become more economically efficient, technologically advanced and less polluting for human health and the environment. Rom...

Promoting and developing the energy sector is an essential component of the process of Romania's sustainability. Sustainability in the promotion of the energy sector can be achieved by: building new capacities, upgrading and modernizing the energetic sector, stimulating the increase of internal consumption in the context of energy efficiency, promoting and capitalizing on renewable energy sources, especially geothermal energy. In this context, Romania participates in European projects aimed at promoting and capita...

Social enterprises are a relatively new and expanding field of study. They could be private for-profit, non-profit and hybrid organizations with a social mission that use business approaches to achieve their objectives. They typically function upon a range of laws to govern their creation, day-to-day management, tax arrangements and dissolution. Since social enterprises are in the inter-section of the for-profit and nonprofit sectors, policy makers have, in certain countries, sought to encourage it by creating a c...

In the article authors review rules applicable to international transfers of personal data. With the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union (EU), substantial requirements were introduced by the co-legislators to ensure organisational and technical safeguards of any data processing of EU citizens. These safeguards are crucial to ensure adequate protection of citizensВ’ rights, especially in case of international transfers to the countries outside of the European Union or to ...

Topicality. The 14th of January, 2019, the day of the commencement of authority of the 7th convocation of the National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia, which draws up the completion of the constitutional crisis and the Velvet Revolution in Armenia, which began in April 2018. The report is focused on the legal features of the constitutional crisis in this context that remains still unknown in this aspect. Aim: to disclose the most significant legal features of the constitutional crisis in the context of the Arm...

The theme of the research is topical in todayВ’s challenges in the fight against terrorism, international crime and in maintaining the sovereignty and territorial integrity of states in the context of hybrid war as well as other aggressive activities. The legal framework for emergency regimes has been researched in the aspects of national border security and internal security. The legal analysis method to investigate legal regulation in the field of emergency regimes in Latvia and the EU, the historical method of ...

The topic of the research is topical due to the contemporary challenges of spreading illegal migration, combating international crime, maintaining national sovereignty and territorial integrity in the context of hybrid war and other aggressive activities. The legal framework of the State border of the Republic of Latvia and the Russian Federation is being studied in terms of national border security and national security. The research uses the legal analysis method to study the legal framework of the state border ...

In ideal circumstances, parents are the most devoted advocates for their children. They have first-hand information about the children and take care passionately about the childrenВ’s welfare. Therefore, the law recognizes parents as guardians of childrenВ’s welfare and gives them substantial autonomy in making decision for their children. However, sometimes the actions of well-meaning parents could be a subject of testing limits of parental autonomy. It is especially the case if their actions represent a risk for...

Neurosciences, and in other words that series of disciplines which looks into the neuronal connections of human conduct, over the last few years have increasingly been influencing law, in particular Italian criminal law. This article intends to query the connections between neurosciences and criminal law, also observing a number of applications which have existed in recent years in Italy. On a more general note, neurosciences can be of assistance for ascertaining the impunity or reduced responsibility due to insan...

According to legal provisions laid down in article 1.350 of the Romanian Civil Code, any person bound by a contract must fulfill his obligations under that contract. The creditor is entitled to the full, exact and timely fulfilment of the obligations by the debtor based on the provisions of article 1.516 of the Romanian Civil Code. Also, according to the same legal provisions, unless performance is impossible, the creditor may still request that the debtor be compelled to perform the obligation in kind. As far as ...

The urgency of the problem under consideration is that at present in the country there is a constant improvement, both of the education system and its departmental segment. Therefore, the need to appeal to the historical experience of the formation and development of the Soviet education system is not in doubt. The study of the historical experience of the formation and development of departmental professional education should be considered in the context of the entire educational policy pursued by the leadership ...

Analysis of the problems of the federal structure and new trends in its development are particular importance for Russia. Since the collapse of the USSR, the country has passed a difficult and long way of becoming from Soviet federalism to the modern democratic Federation. This transformation took place against the backdrop of complex and controversial political and socio-economic relations, as well as various crises that encompassed all aspects of social life. The basic principles, fundamental ideas characterizin...

This publication deals with forthcoming amendments expected to be made in the civil law pursuant to proposed draft laws which provide for legitimization of distinctive features or attributes of property rights. In particular, it deals with accrual and termination of property rights for the reasons provided by the Civil Code and respective subordinate laws and regulations; statutory preservation of a list of property rights; disclosure of content and the way property rights are to be exercised in the civil law; enc...

The task of law is not confined to the protection of private and individual rights, but it aims at protecting the public interest, which concerns the interest of the whole country. As a result, the question of who defends the public interest arises. Needless to say, that the state with all its bodies should do this task but, legally speaking, it cannot, as there should be a certain body whose task is to advocate such interest in case they are violated. It should, also, has the right to bring the case to the court ...

The International Labor Organization was founded in 1919 under the Peace Treaty of Versailles (1919). Currently I.L.O. is the main international institution under the aegis of the United Nations that ensures the balance in labor relations between employers and employees. The organization is structured on a tripartite level and consists of representatives of employees, employers and governments, thus ensuring an effective social dialogue. I.L.O. issues two categories of acts, conventions and recommendations. To bec...

Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (hereinafter: GDPR) ratified “the right to be forgotten.” The EU legislator has given data subjects a tool that allows to control the processing of personal data, while at the same time it protects their right to privacy. This tool is...

The concern for the environment has become increasingly relevant since the second half of the last century. The principle of sustainable development started to be considered sig-nificant in the environmental legislation around the same time. The evolution of the prin-ciple of sustainable development can be followed through the pronouncements of the in-ternational organizations, first and foremost the United Nations. From the Brundtland Report and the Rio Declaration, to the Paris Agreement and the UN Agenda 2030, ...

In the 1970s negative demographic and economic trends became a burden for fiscal systems of the “Golden age” welfare states. The neoliberal theory responded by cutting social rights, diminishing the scope of services provided by the state and strengthening the market. Values of uniformity and solidarity were replaced with efficiency and profit. Consequently, the sustainability of “pay-as-you-go” pension systems came into question. The measures towards capitalization and privatization differed. This arises ...

The problem of ageing population is increasing. So, the governments in different countries are trying to find some solution of the deficit of the pension systems and so different types of reforms suggest itself. These reforms can be only parametric or can be also systematic. The parametric reform is represented mainly by the increase of the pension age and by the increase of the minimum insurance period. But it needn?t be satisfactory and for that reason a lot of governments in the middle and east Europa were tryi...

The strict preventive measures in the financial sector force money launderers to seek alternative channels for money laundering operations. Unique characteristics of the football sector and sport in general represent alternative means of money laundering than in the sectors traditionally exploited by money launderers. Likewise actions were noticed by some football and European authorities as a starting point of raising awareness of the money laundering risks and establishing implementation of the anti-money launde...

For centuries, the Greek goddess Themis has been a symbol of Western jurisprudence and adjudication. Themis symbolizes not only the Divine law, but also impartiality of judges, weighing of evidence, sword of justice for guilty and most importantly – risk of unfairness. Criminal procedure, like symbol of Themis, above all other branches of law must be shining example of the values of Western jurisprudence. However, in reality criminal procedure in theory and practice has always been the most vulnerable to unfairn...

In September 2017, the European Parliament and the Council adopted the Regulation 2017/1601 establishing the European Fund for Sustainable Development (EFSD), the EFSD Guarantee and the EFSD Guarantee Fund.Because the Regulation EU 2017/1601 is a pretty recent legislative act, to accomplish this juridical task, the bibliography will be represented by European Union legislative acts concerning the domain. The Regulation 2017/1601 is the result of European Union leaders efforts to create a european fund for sustaina...

The discipline on matrimonial property regimes presents significant difficulties for cross-border couples. Therefore, it is necessary to guarantee uniformity in the context of law applicable to the matrimonial property regimes, taking into account the peculiarities of the different legal systems of the Member States. In this regard and in order to guarantee legal certainty, spouses must be made aware in advance with respect to the law applicable to a matrimonial property regime. With Regulation No. 1103/2016, the ...

In accordance with Section 88 of the Latvian Criminal Procedure Law, a person who has the right to defence is entitled to refuse a defence counsel. Such refusal shall be allowed only on the basis of the initiative of the person himself or herself; whereas if a person who has the right to defence has expressed a request regarding the participation of a defence counsel, the refusal of a defence counsel may take place only in the presence of the defence counsel. The problem is related to the fact that the police prov...

In Latvia, since October 1, 2005, the criminal and procedure law is in force, in which with the course of time the legal norms are subjected to changes, amendments. Among the institutions, which have been subjected to changes is one of the institutions of criminal and procedure law – the institution of termination of criminal procedure, in particular, the termination of criminal procedure with the exemption of the person from criminal liability. The article examines the essence of the termination of criminal pro...

The direction I chose for my research applicable to the 6th International Multidisciplinary Conference on Science and Arts (SGEM) considers the state of freedom of religion in the 21st century with a concentration on monetary law. I am studying the relationship of religious law and international law in my overall research through analyzing life dynamics such as marriage, divorce, burial, religious holidays, and financial law in different states through 3 religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The internationa...

The Law is made of concepts. Each legal concept contains a bottom layer and preceding philosophic synonym. Each word has its meaning, as a sign which represents an axiom. For this reason, traditionally, legal sciences are averse to polysemy. Therefore, 'adoption' of embryos and 'donation of embryos' are entirely distinct concepts. Moreover, nowadays medically assisted procreation procedures are an answer to numerous issues that touch the lives of an uncountable number of families. However, at the pace that these p...

Currently, there is no particular or unanimously implemented regulation of crypto currency at European Union (EU) level. Crypto currency is a digital asset. From a legal point of view it is considered as a good/service or as a payment instrument. The purpose of virtual currency is to secure financial transactions by using powerful cryptography. Unlike digital payment systems or central bank systems, crypto currencies use decentralized control. However, crypto currencies are used to make global transactions and hav...