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The aim of the research undertaken by authors was to analyze the prospects for the development of international cooperation in the field of criminal justice, as well as to assess the prospects for the development of joint counteraction to crime between the Russian Federation and foreign states. Its methodology included both the general scientific methods and specific juridical methods of cognition. The results of the research make it possible to obtain new knowledge in the field of organizing international coopera...

The number of offences committed by minors remains consistently high. According to data of the State Police of the Republic of Latvia, in 2016 the number of juvenile offences grew slightly from the previous year: 907 offences by minors were recorded in 2016, and the number of minors who committed offences increased. [1] The fight against juvenile crime is a set of complex measures, including both fight and prevention. Complex measures are implemented by state and municipal officials, who have certain duties define...

In modern world, large metropolises are beginning to play an increasingly important role. It also applies to many Polish cities. In Poland carrying out metropolisation process, understood as creating special solutions for metropolitan areas in the form of large urban agglomerations, that are facilities of various networks (transport, scientific, economic) and development centres, is not satisfactory. Initiatives to ensure management of metropolitan areas have been undertaken for a long time, but still without achi...

The article is an analysis of the relevance of such problems of the Russian legal doctrine and practice as a provision of the collective interests in the field of public health. Taking into account the paramount importance of health as a factor determining the quality of life, the authors emphasize the special role of social mechanisms for the protection and promotion of health. The most effective mechanism is similar, in their opinion, is a legal mechanism, the essence of which is to give the protection of health...

In the mentioned scientific article, on the basis of the current administrative procedural legislation, judicial practice and legal doctrine, author has conducted a scientific study of the peculiarities of solving cases involving the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine as a plaintiff in administrative cases concerning persons who violated the legislation of Ukraine about the state border. There are determined main grounds for refusal to satisfy an administrative claim of the body of the State Border Guard Servic...

The study focuses on the importance of balancing the need to share and use genetic sequences and the need to protect the privacy of biological groups who could be harmed if the genetic data of a group member were made public. Many medical discoveries are based on the use of human cells which are donated by volunteers. But the will of the donors could be in contrast with the will of their relatives. The aim of the study is to determine what the preeminent interest between the desire of the donor to help the researc...

The interests of legal entities in Macedonia are protected by notaries. The notary services in Macedonia are adopted by the Law on the Notary. By accomplishing these services, the legitimate interests of natural and legal persons are also protected and on the other hand the legal certainty is created due to the nature of the notarized documents. With regard to this, the role of the notary comes into expression upon its creation, alteration and revoking of the legal relations. The legal relations are also created d...

The re-opening of criminal proceedings, where a judgment has already entered into force, due to newly discovered circumstances ensures the right of persons to a fair trial and a fair final judgment. Any person involved in criminal proceedings whose right or legitimate interests have been affected by specific criminal proceedings have a guaranteed right to lodge an application seeking the re-opening of criminal proceedings for the investigation of newly discovered circumstances. However, the initiation of such proc...

The main aim of the article is to study and analyze the theoretical and practical issues of the trust essence, including the Continental law system countries, and what future development could be in Latvia taking into the account practice of the another European countries. Within the process of the research Latvian and foreign legal acts were analyzed, case – law were used and literature in Latvian, English, Russian, German, French and some other languages were looked through. There are used comparative, histori...

The justice system must be independent and unbiased and in accordance with international standards and not serve as an instrument to protect the politics of power and business structures and politics related to power holders. Therefore, the whole country should have inclusive reforms in judicial power and prosecution as a precondition for restoring citizensВ’ trust, institutions that will guarantee that the executive and legislative power do their functions in accordance to legal acts and international standards. ...

The present article shall be devoted to the analysis of the regulation on the resolution of sports related disputes by the United States Olympic Committee (hereinafter referred to as “the USOC”). The research is made in the frames of the author’s doctoral study on alternative disputes resolution methods for resolving sports related disputes. The research is based on empirical-analytical group of the research methodology. The following sections shall be presented: the introduction; the role and functions of th...

The purpose of this article was to analyse the premises of gross ingratitude, allowing the donor to revoke their donation pursuant to the provisions of the Polish Civil Code. The term "gross ingratitude" is an indeterminate phrase referring to moral norms and leaving it to the court to establish whether the particular conduct of the donee justifies the donor revoking the donation. The fact that the deed of donation is very often used in the legal practice - especially in family relationships, as a manifestation of...

The article is devoted to the problems of direct democracy in Russia. As well known, the main forms of direct democracy are elections and referenda. The concepts of “suffrage”, “referendum participation” and “democracy” are interconnected and allow us to characterize status and development of the “state-society” system. Only when determining the level of implementation of electoral rights and right to participate in a referendum of citizens and the guarantee level of these rights can one determine ...

In numerous international and national documents, the protection of human life is grounded with the utmost gravity and authority. An individual’s right for health is protected and prioritized in all modern national legal systems as a fundamental human right. The paper critically reviews the content of safety when providing health care. Security is of high value to society and individuals. Insuring safety and security entails providing stable institutional framework by which individual needs can be met. The paper...

Foreign Exchange Act of 27 July 2002 with numerous executive acts constitutes the system of Polish exchange law. Along with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and The Act on the National Bank of Poland it delineates a particular position of the National Bank of Poland. The research purpose of the present paper is the analysis of those legal regulations which indicate the role and responsibilities of the National Bank of Poland in the sphere of foreign exchange. Pursuant to Art. 52 of The Act on the Nationa...

The potential of the BRICS countries is one of the most significant in the world, and they have set important goals for development of their cooperation, one of which is exploration of outer space and the use of space technology. The BRICS countries have great technical and financial capabilities for development of space programs, and they have the necessary infrastructure. In the modern world there are only 3 spacefaring superpowers (Russia, the United States and China), and two of them are in the BRICS. This art...

The term VAT grouping is a current term in EU tax systems and serves as an instrument of simplification of tax administration and a means of combating tax fraud. The complexity of EU market and the existence of various legal solutions in the framework of national legislation impose additional costs onto entrepreneurs, making the European Union a less attractive investment destination. In the framework of the studied topic, the establishment of the single market calls for the harmonisation of national legislation o...

Although the Republic of Croatia has committed itself by both international obligations and its national legislation to respecting the rights of persons with mental disorders, preserving their dignity, improving their health and integrating them into the family, work and social environment, their status in society is far from satisfactory. Persons with mental disorders are faced with a series of problems in their everyday life, e.g. systematic discrimination, lack of adequate health and social services, poor rehab...

In the doctrine and judicial practice, it has been stated that the performance of the obligations stipulated in synallagmatic contracts must be made simultaneously by both parties. Therefore, the refusal of one of the contracting parties to perform its own obligations breaks the balance that must exist between the reciprocal performances of synallagmatic contracts so that the other party is also entitled to cease performing its own obligations. Thus, the exception of non-performance consists in the possibility for...

The paper is devoted to the issues of tax accumulation and its role in shaping the amount of local government taxes in Poland. Therefore, the research covered taxes forming the tax system which entirely contribute to the budgets of local government units. The basic objective of the study is an in-depth analysis of the concept of the classic institution of tax law in question. The implementation of this research intention, however, required reference to the relationship between tax accumulation and the obligatory e...

The terrorism can be considered as the political or security problem, but it is also the kind of crime, although it is very specific crime. However, considering it as the crime, we can also think about it in the connection with criminological categories as the prevention, for example. When we look at latest terrorist attacks, we can name their several common features. For example, tools, which were used for commitment of these crime, were very simple, because perpetrators attacked by firearms, stabbing weapons or ...

The scientific objective of the research was to determine the substance and legal nature of the equity interests of the shareholders in the capital companies in the Polish legal system. The aim of this research also required answering the question what the shares are in capital companies, as well as defining the mutual relationship between these concepts and the concept of participation in capital companies. The methodology of the research was determined by the indicated objective and both the dogmatic-legal and h...

As a result of the 2015-17 migration crisis, housing can currently be considered as one of the key sectoral policies within the integrated urban development of the European Union. Although, the debatable position of the Polish government regarding the non-acceptance of migrants as a result of the relocation policy between the countries of the European Union is commonly known, Poland is an area of migration from such countries as Ukraine or Belarus. It is estimated that in the last few years Poland has accepted abo...

This article studies the international cooperation of national judges to enhance the implementation of the 1980 Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction and the 1996 Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Cooperation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children. The International Hague Network of Judges (IHNJ) began 20 years ago with judges from China (Hong Kong SAR), New Zealand, the United Kingdom (England and Wales), ...

The change of the social establishment in 1989 paved the way for the large groups of population to the entrepreneurship. The economic theory considers the entrepreneurship to be the basic tool for the economic development of every state. However, the main issue for every beginning entrepreneur is the choice of convenient legal form of entrepreneurship. General commercial partnership and limited partnership representing the types of personal trading companies have their origin in German and Austrian commercial law....

The article explores influence of Ordoliberal School of economic thinking, also known as Freiburg School of economic thought on the competition law and policy of the European Communities and later the European Union. Methodology, brief history and members of the tradition shall be introduced, with particular focus and emphasis on Walter Eucken (1891–1950), the founder of the School, Franz Böhm (1895–1977), author of the school's competition policy/law drafts, Hans Großmann-Doerth (1894–1944) and Friedrich ...

The exception to contractual non-performance is perceived in the doctrine as a defense or remedy available to a contracting party which, by simply invoking this exception, may block the claim brought by the other party (which has not executed its own obligations), in order to oblige the party that invokes the exception to perform its own contractual obligations. With respect to third parties, the exception to non-performance may be invoked against them, where the claim results from the contract (when the third par...

The offence of false testimony is codified in Chapter XXX Article 233 of the Polish Criminal Code: “Offences against the Administration of Justice”. This liability is dependent on the person taking the testimony, while acting within his or her authorisation, must have warned the person testifying about the criminal liability for giving false testimony, or must have obtained a relevant oath. Prior to 2016, the perpetrator of this crime was liable to imprisonment for between six months and three years, but the 2...

Slander is one of four offences codified in Chapter XXVII of the Polish Criminal Code – ‘Offences against Honour and Personal Inviolability’ in Article 212. This is one of the few crimes where prosecution is initiated by private motion. The aggrieved party must submit and support an indictment in the capacity of a private prosecutor and collect all possible evidence necessary to proceed in instituting criminal proceedings. While convicted perpetrators are liable to a fine or restriction of liberty, current leg...

The article offers an analysis of (legal) custom within Roman law and describes its different roles and functions. A customary law represents the oldest formal sources of law in human history. It was created by conduct of people who believed that they are obliged to follow rules created by repetitive continual action. It was dominant form of law in the archaic period of Roman law, but some of its remnants were persevered during whole existence of Roman Empire and beyond. The research is based on textual and histor...

Speaking of constitution nowadays, the communist approach, i.e. treating it as a unilateral act of state power defining the obligations of the citizens and undertaken with little public participation, must be rejected. Such a concept of a constitution, assumed, already at its adoption, that the citizens remain passive in the process of implementation and subsequent realisation of its ideas. Additionally, saturating the constitution with ideological elements gave it the nature of a political declaration. In contras...

The efficiency and time saving constantly are actual subjects of the civil procedures and for solutions of civil disputes. The civil procedural principles and procedural sanctions are those aspects which should ensure the efficiency of hearing of civil disputes in courts. The author of this article is civil rights lawyer and has of many years standing practice experience. This article analysis the procedural principles and instruments which one are stipulated in civil procedural law in Republic of Latvia and Repub...

The Romanian insolvency law covers extensively the reorganization phase of the debtor, in accordance with the European legislation in this field. However, the practice has proved that the period between the approval of the creditors of the reorganization plan up to the actual applicability of the measures contained by the plan may lead to question the efficiency of the plan. The article aims to underline the importance of the reorganization plan for both the debtor in insolvency, as well as for its creditors, by c...

Poor people with unsecured position or low-income must always have opportunities to maintain their rights in courts of justice. The ability to use free legal assistance is particularly important for people under criminal prosecution. Criminal procedure is the sphere of state activity, which can cause maximum limitation of a human rights, and its results can influence the whole human life. International legal acts, both global and local fortify not only the right of suspected and accused person to use attorneyВ’s h...

In 2015, when Hungary was in the centre of the migratory flow, a new special criminal procedure has been inserted into the Hungarian Act on Criminal Procedure (Act XIX of 1998) referring to the – so-called - crimes against the closing of border. Considering that: (a) the irregular migration did not decrease in the past years, and (b) the main directives of the codification on the new procedural code were the rapidity and the efficiency, the special procedural regulations on crimes against the closing of border h...

Direct democracy as a concept of empowering citizens by enabling them to directly decide on matters of significant state importance became a very popular and catchy slogan in Poland, similarly to other Central and Eastern European countries, in the early 1990s when the process of constitutional transformation began. Direct democracy was perceived in this context as an instrument of legitimizing the activities of state authorities, such as, above all, the adoption of a new constitution. In Poland, not only the inst...

The aim is to conduct a comparative legal research of the functioning of various forms of legal proceedings with the participation of the peopleВ’s element in foreign countries. The authors pay special attention to the definition of the role of a professional judge in such courts. Its methodology includes both the general scientific methods and the specific juridical methods of cognition. The result of the research is an identification, separation from the multifaceted legal experience of developed democratic coun...

The article is devoted to the issues of information technologies and its role in the labor law of the Russian Federation. The development of information technologies leads to expanding the scope of application of such technologies. The sphere of law, including labor law, is no exception. Indeed, if earlier information technologies were used for processing, storage and transfer of personal data of employees, now in connection with the development of the remote work, the importance of information technologies are in...

Terrorism is one of the greatest threats of modern times. Following September 11, it has especially imposed great fear and concern around the world. This paper will discuss the fight against terrorism by the world's largest organization, the United Nations, as the fight against this phenomenon has not proved successful by states individually. The fight against terrorism by the UN will be addressed by dealing with legal aspects including international legal mechanisms and instruments to combat terrorism. Additional...

There is no democratic system without free, general and fair elections. The sovereignty of the people in democracy is achieved through its participation in political decision-making and the right to choose democratic institutions, which are entrusted with the mandate to govern the country. Elections are the essence of democracy or the means by which it functions. Democracy in all its forms is based on the electoral system, which creates the governing structure of a country, assures the participation of citizens in...

This paper looks at the sequences found in the Romanian witness examination, and more specifically at the post turns following an adjacency pair. The speech event of witness examination is coherently organised in the form of minimal, two-turn adjacency pair sequences of questions and answers. Therefore, the adjacency pair is the basic unit of the sequential organisation, made up of a first pair part and a second pair part, a question and an answer in this case. Turns in a conversation are not single utterances, bu...

By operation of the law introduced to ratify the Pr?m Treaty (no. 85 dated 30 June 2009), implementing the Schengen agreements aimed at stepping up cooperation with other EU States to combat terrorism, illegal immigration, international and cross-border crime, Italy regulated, inter alia, the setting-up of a DNA database. However, it was only with Presidential Decree no. 87 dated 7 April 2016 that the proclaimed regulations were actually brought in, with provisions implementing Italian Law no. 85/2009 relating to ...

The improvement of the procedural guarantees of the inviolability of the person in the criminal procedure of Latvia in involving person as accused is associated with the further change of the legal regulation of issues, related to the determination of the grounds and after taking a decision, concerning the involvement as accused and lodging of charges, as well as the rights and obligations of the accused. Without lodging of charges, without the availability of persons in the criminal procedure, in respect of whom ...

The direction I chose for my research applicable to 5th International Multidisciplinary Conference on Science and Arts considers the future of the freedom of religion especially in the modern world with the influence of scientific innovation. I am studying the relationship of religious law and public law. The international human rights regimes such as the UN Charter, Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights all call for equal human rights without discrimination based on race, ...

The first half of the 20th century was in many aspects very complicated period. This paper reveals the reasons behind the existence of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes with focus on the fundamental rise of anti-Jewish moods in the Czech part of the Czechoslovak state occurred in the post-Munich period. The open anti-Jewish behavior of a part of the Czech political spectrum publicly or in print was not avoided, in addition, this trend was gradually showed also in some governmental parties. Therefore, it was n...

Co-ownership represents an encumbrance of the entire property. Encumbrances take the form of the mandatory approval of any action involving a co-owned item to be obtained by every co-owner of real estate from other co-owners, thereby restricting the exercise of a co-ownerВ’s property right. It should be stressed that property is an absolute right in rem, one of the fundamental rights of every individual; therefore, any restriction must be soft to the maximum extent practicable, granting the owner the widest possib...

According to В§ 48 of Civil Code (Act No. 40/1964 Coll.), as effective in the Slovak Republic, contractual party may withdraw from contract if such withdrawal is granted by the law or if the contractual parties have so agreed. Accordingly, there are two rights, the statutory right and the contractual right to withdraw from contract. Both rights can be exercised in diverse situations; as a rule, however, they are exercisable as a result of a breach of contract. The remaining question is, specifically, by what time ...

In the beginning human rights are divided into two kinds: rights of first generation (civil rights and political rights) and second generation (economic rights and social rights). There wasnВ’t contradiction or alternative nature between the two 'families', but the second В‘familyВ’ (economic rights and social rights) was practical phase of the first В‘familyВ’. Nowadays, it is only possible to В‘bearВ’ the rights of freedom, as an expression of enhancement of individual prerogatives, the one and only dimension of...

This article aims to explore the possibility of the administration of third party property by another person and not by the owner of the property. The topic is addressed to natural persons and it is governed by rules of civil law, and not commercial law. The legislation lays down the general principles of such administration, the types, the liability and obligations of the administrator (manager). So, the analysis starts with the Romanian Civil Code, which does not define the administration of third party property...

The European Union (EU) and the USA have two very different models of personal data protection (European terminology) or information privacy law (American terminology). EU law has a defined and clear concept of personal data and a general law to protect this fundamental right. Meanwhile, the USA does not have a uniform definition of information privacy or personally identifiable information (PII); and it has only some sectorial laws to protect privacy in some markets. Personally identifiable information is one of ...