Browse

Sex education is absent in the curricula of Slovak education system, which is no longer sustainable. So far, public and professional debate on the introduction of sex education always ended in irreconcilable attitude of the churches and experts. The result was the unanswered question of sex education in order to avoid further conflicts. Our research focuses on creating the current and relevant concept of unsolved problem of sex education that would be acceptable for all parties in interest. To achieve this goal, t...

The aim of this paper is to explore whether hermeneutical critique is a good method for describing, evaluating, and implementing deliberative democracy. The well-known philosophical direction is critical hermeneutics and key authors of this school of thought include Jürgen Habermas, Paul Ricoeur and Hans-Herbert Kögler. We want to inquire how they work with critical hermeneutics and we aim to show why it may be better to establish hermeneutical critique in the place of critical hermeneutics. One of our inquiring a...

The article focuses on the research of the Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy concerning the conceptional understanding of peace in the Antique ages. Theses of the brilliant Greek and Roman philosophers like Heraclitus, Xenophon, Aristotle, Socrates, Cicero, Polybius, and Marcus Aurelius are being analyzed and introduced as the arguments for the conclusions which demonstrate crucial points of vision of peace not only for ancient philosophers, but for the ancient people on the whole. The topic is both historical an...

The period we live in is commonly referred to as “postmodernity”. Both ambiguities of interpretation and modern age ambivalence of the term on the tapis compelled authors to take its ontology under close consideration by virtue of stating the ideological basis a confluence of multifaceted factors and processes is to be perceived as a unity. Prehistory of a term «postmodernity» and its diverse interpretations of divergence with Modern age ideology are covered in the article. The initial issue of the interpretation ...

Two types of state ideology are analyzed in the article: ideology of totalitarian regimes, which existed in Italy, Spain, Germany, the USSR and China in the 20th century, and modern ideology of the “consumer society”. Both of them result from ideas of the Enlightenment (rule, based on reason, omniparity, freedom and justice) and have common features. The peculiarities of the totalitarian regime, which had a tendency for suppression of dissent, and the so-called “one-dimensional society”, controlling the man as str...

The authors address the current issue of communicative barriers in intercultural social practice that reveals hidden conceptual horizons of the mass and individual consciousness, implicitly represented in the humanitarian discourse, the teaching practice and the choice of communication. The paper deals with the borders of the semantic barriers in intercultural communication connected to the intellectual style and ethic context. The research on human communication barriers in the dynamic conditions of modern societ...

Health is a defining attribute of quality of life and well-being and is a viable and instrumental value conditional on the existence and enforcement of the human characteristics. Health problems are usually addressed as part of issues related to health care. Health care, exactly its functionality operation is in fact considered to be the most important factor affecting the quality of life of citizens in the state. Quality health care depends on whether and how effectively the system works, what ideas justified its...

In the labyrinth of the Nietzschean interpretations, what is missing is a chapter which investigates Nietzsche's critique of the city of men. This is what the following research sets out to do: to reconstruct – through first-hand reading of the Nietzschean texts and the little bibliography on the topic – Nietzsche's reflections on the everyday rationale of city life. A posthumous note dating back to his early years suggests that Nietzsche had planned a work dedicated to the metropolis as part of the incomplete pro...

The mankind (preliminary – its European integral part) understood the medieval world as the arena where irreconcilable struggle between Good and Evil continuously went on. The main opponents were the Christian philosophy and the heretic ideas, the main battleground – the human soul. As the Christianity conquered the dominating philosophic position, natural scientific knowledge should have been content with its secondary role and all discoveries and scientific theories defied censorship of the Bible. The theories, ...

The concern for intellectual integrity appears to be a relatively recent phenomenon in the history of the West. Not ranked among the cardinal virtues of Greek and Christian thought, in spite of some noteworthy prefigurations, it is generally regarded as a modern virtue that belongs to Western history after the dominance of Christianity: it reveals a restructured value system that extends beyond Christianity and its Kantian legacies. Generally, intellectual integrity is defined as a consistent, wholehearted and unc...

Criticism of speculative philosophy through the lens of existential communication is a theme that goes through the whole authorship of Danish religious philosopher Soren Kierkegaard; a special attention to it is paid in the works signed by Johannes Climacus. This is one of the reasons why the fore-mentioned works can be employed in researching Kierkegaard’s views on philosophy as method, or rather – his criticism of it. He speaks of the existential communication in the context of several contradictions, e.g. inwar...

The theme of action has to do with issues related to the dynamic of potential acts, hu-man action, agency and so on. It has a long history in philosophy, running through Aris-totle, Thomas Aquinas, René Descartes, David Hume, Johann G. Fichte, Max Weber, John Searle, to mention some famous thinkers on this topic from ancient times to the contemporary epoch. Philosophy of action has had and still has three major speculative interests: (1) the study of human action in connection to general theoretical or specula-tiv...

Why is it possible to reasonably ask ‘How do you loosen a screw?’ while it is not rea-sonable to ask ‘How do you raise your arm?’ For Ricoeur, the exercise of a capacity does not simply result from knowledge. In fact, I do not ‘know’ my body when I am acting: I am able to act; that is all. I am able to do it because ‘I can’. The corporal events ‘I know’ are not what ‘I do’. However, if a paralysed man were to ask the question ‘How do you raise your arm?’, it would have the same meaning and logical argumenta-tive j...

The presented article is an attempt at an analysis of the issue of fanaticism. Looking at the present times, we are left with an idea that fanaticism is not only a serious problem, but a kind of moment in which a modern “to be or not to be” or humanity plays out. Fanaticism has its sources, its roots. It did not come out of nowhere; it is not the invention of Muslims, Christians, the wealthy, the possessed, or the passionate. It is analysed as a social, cultural and ethical phenomenon, as well as a political and r...

The fundamental value that has been brought by postmodernism as a general cultural phenomenon is pluralism. In philosophy, it is implemented as plurality of opinions and attitudes. In the art, it is plurality of styles. Jean-Francois Lyotard showed differences between the modern and postmodern science, namely in the manner of their legitimization. Modern legitimization through the great stories is overcome by post-modern advances in science and technology, accompanied by insurmountable differences and paralogies. ...

In this paper I am going to investigate the influence of Hegelianism in process philosophical theories such as Simondon's Ontogenetic Theory or the dialectical shape assumed by the Systems Theory. First, I will outline the common points between Simondon's philosophy and the Systems Theory, with a particular reference to the concepts of «analogy» and «transduction». I intend to show how these notions lead their respective theories close to Hegel's idea of Being. Second, I will notice that both Simondon and systems ...

The authors of thepaperturned to the topicalissue of the collective memory. It is highlighted that the politics of memory or historical politics is a subject of transformationaccording to the present political discourse. Collapse of the Soviet Unionledto the revision of common history ofthe post-Soviet countries and deepenedthe contradictions in collective memory narratives between the Russian and post-Soviet tradition. It is stressed, that such 'strugglefor the common history' could often serve as a prelude to se...

Nowadays the need to create (or construct) new ethical norms emerges constantly in the spheres of politics, medicine, ecology, demography etc. But can we call normative ethics (i. e. ethics which not only describes and explains facts of the society’s moral life but also postulates certain moral norms and principles) a science? The majority of contemporary logicians will answer negatively. According to them normative ethics cannot be a science since it is impossible to give scientific (logically correct) proof of i...

The humanities are rapidly changing nowadays. Since the late nineteenth century the humanities claimed to follow an own method: ‘hermeneutics’ (Verstehen). This method was different than the methods of the (natural) sciences. While scientists explain nature by way of counting, measurement, and formulating laws, scholars in de humanities try to understand (hermeneutics) particular and unique phenomena – such as texts, artworks, or for instance a historical period – by way of empathy and imagining. However, during t...

Postmodern discourse presented by authors like M. Foucault, J. F. Lyotard, J. Derrida, G. Deleuze, etc., contains the common ground resulting from the development of one line of thought, which advanced from the linguistically-oriented discourse of structuralism, over post-structuralism to postmodernism. The thesis that social relationships and linkages are formed by discourse is an essential prerequisite for understanding the way in which these authors analyse the society. The semiologic version of structuralism i...

From the beginning of his book Le discours de l’action (1977), Paul Ricoeur empha-sised the fact that a ‘philosophy of action’ is not a ‘science of action’. He underlines that the practical ethical dimension is the specific kind of discourse that the question of ac-tion has had since the ancient era in philosophy. The dialectics between the practical dimension both as a ‘physical’ dimension and as an ‘ethical’ dimension have not only been the basis for the rationalisation and differentiation of philosophy in Arist...

The philosophic doctrine of Immanuel Kant was innovative for its historical period. It harmoniously consisted of both social and political aspects, which could lay the stable foundation for the political stability in Europe for many decades. Unfortunately, his treatise “To the Perpetual Peace” had a vivid tone of social romanticism and political Utopia. Frankly believing in construction of the non-conflictive society based on humanistic and legal principles, the great German philosopher ignored the contradictive t...

Drawing on recent research on Carnap’s academic schooling in neo-Kantianism and Dilthey’s ‘Lebensphilosophie’, this paper attempts to reconsider the precise objectives of the anti-metaphysical program of Carnap and the Vienna Circle. It argues that while the elimination of metaphysical truth through logical analysis of language has become a landmark moment in the history of twentieth-century Western philosophy, far less scholarly attention has been given to Carnap’s elimination of the metaphysical need. This paper...

The discontinuity of matter was originally postulated with an explicit purpose: to demonstrate the reality of movement. However, a deterministic and necessary movement eliminated the possibility of explaining freedom. Epicurus first, and Lucretius later, modified the doctrine of Democritus (founder of Greek atomism) in regard to a very important point, since they both admitted the spontaneous movement of swerving or clinamen of some atoms, as opposed to their stable fall, situating matter between reality and possi...

Philosophy has always strived for understanding the most general principles of human being and knowledge. It has been constituted as a scientific discipline with strictly methodological thinking processes and it has contributed towards the analysis of all knowledge. Although different sciences have separated from philosophy in the course of history and have developed their own methodological systems of recognizing reality and their own self-concepts, they still, up to this day, cannot develop knowledge without bei...

The meaning of confidence between manager and employee get more and more famous in the modern art of leadership. It’s no more enough that an employee gets a fair or good salary in a company, what can secure its employment. Also other factors, same as the environment or the relationship to the supervisor must be positive to bind employees to their companies. But what kind of influence has the factor “confidence” for real? Is it really so important, that leaders have to build up a personal relationship to their empl...

The relationship between philosophy and history covers many topics and their overlapping results in numerous ideas. Surely, it is also due to the fact that philosophy does not repudiate the methods it uses as obsolete. In connection with the history of philosophy it is thus not possible to speak of theories which lost their validity long time ago. Various streams of thought which, in various ways, react to their predecessors were the inhibitors as well as reflections of contemporary historical events. As a result,...

The purpose of the research is to investigate the practices of philosophical communities in Russia within the concept of trading zones and the problem of public philosophy. Our main theoretical framework is the notion of the trading zone, originally developed by Peter Galison to explain intra-scientific collaboration through the coordination of action and belief. In this study, we interpret the concept of trading zones in terms of communications between philosophers and non-philosophers. In so doing, we introduce ...

The purpose of the research consisted in finding elements of theArt of Memory in the work of the prominent author of the Second Sophistic. To achieve this purpose wesubjected to the textual analysis one of the most popular works relating to the Second Sophistic: The Imagines of the Elder Philostratus. Since the Renaissance the book was subject of scientific analysis and, at the same time, source ofinspiration for many artists. Weconcentrated only on searching of elements of the Art of Memory in The Imagines. Excep...

For Ricoeur, the discourse of action – more specifically, the ‘say your doing’ – can and must be examined from different levels and from different traditional philosophical per-spectives, as follows: (1) conceptual analysis (i.e. the analysis of concepts used to de-scribe action), (2) logical analysis of statements of action (i.e. the proposition by which action is expressed and represented), and (3) the logic of action (i.e. the argumentative construction through which a strategy of action is built and justified ...

The article demonstrates the application of phenomenological description method to describe the architectural space of Saint Petersburg Empire period. The style originating in the French architects designs in the late nineteenth century was fully embodied in St. Petersburg, thus creating the image of a perfect capital. The style involves a particular vision of space, that can be perceived only from a supervisor’s perspective, creating a panoramic view, combining planimetric images with perspective ones, implementi...