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During the last decade the EU economy was hit by two economic crises. The first was the deep global financial and economic crisis in 2008. After a brief economic recovery occurred in 2012 in the European Union another, more moderate economic recession. Reason for its existence was excessive indebtedness of some euro area countries, mainly Greece, Portugal, Ireland and Spain. The debt crisis and uncertainty about the future of the European economic and monetary union was the cause of creation of the second, though ...

Entrepreneurship is considered as one of the fundament of the each economy, especially economies of the western type based on democratic principles and freedom accompanied by economical competition. Thus it is very important to take a closer look at the entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurship environment from the entrepreneur point of view from chosen European countries. Entrepreneurs as the driver of the economy progress and the development of the entrepreneurship environment has their own intentions for starti...

The classic idea of „family vacation” regards travelling in different places accompanied by family members, on various distances, using different forms of organization and usually planned in advance. Collaborative consumption as a phenomenon is a class of economic arrangements in which participants share access to products or services, rather than having individual ownership (“what's mine is yours”). Applied in tourism this new concept tries to give a new dimension of the touristic phenomenon, bypassing tr...

Starting from its expected contribution to national and regional development – as a result its major natural and cultural heritage potential, this paper proposes an inquiry into Romanian tourism's competitiveness using the data provided by the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013 issued by the World Economic Forum. It aims to highlight the position of Romania in Central and Eastern Europe and to reveal its competitive advantages for the pillars envisaged in the mentioned report. A special emphasis is p...

Cities of all sizes often labour over the decision to develop a brand strategy. For small cities it is increasingly becoming a matter of whether they can afford not to embrace the concept if they want to be better organized and be more distinctive and competitive. If the city is allocating funds to marketing programs without consistently clarifying what the city stands for, what it does best, and why it matters to customers, then it is risking (and possibly wasting) public funds. The article offers analysis of cit...

The work analyses statistic indicators which quantify the supply side for agritourism in Romania compared with the tourism supply in general. In Romania, agritourism appeared after the fall of communism, has adapted to the economic reality and is limited to the rural households converted in agritourist guesthouses. The data was obtained using the TEMPO-Online platform of the National Institute of Statistics (NIS). The results attest a significant growth of arrivals and overnight stays in agritourist guesthouses, h...

Despite the fact that in recent years there has been accumulated a considerable experience in the theory and practice of promoting Russia as a tourist destination, there has not yet been found a solution for such important tasks as the adaptation of the theme and service content of the Russian tourist product to the expectations of the audience of main target markets, defining the specifics of promotion programs in accordance with national characteristics of cross-regions, the formation of customer loyalty program...

Tour operators are some of the basic components of the formation and development of the tourism sector of the country. However, since 2010, Russia faced an acute problem of bankruptcies tour operators. For four years, 45 companies went bankrupt, and the damage amounted to more than 7 billion rubles, which fell to about 130 thousand people, the beginning of the transformation of the tourist market, and consumers are essentially lost confidence in the producers of tourism services. The article presents the results o...

Increasing economic inequality in a relatively short period is not an isolated phenomenon of some countries, respectively regions, but it is a generally accepted phenomenon of beginning of the 21st century. This phenomenon raises the attention not only of scientists from different fields as well as politicians, policy-makers and citizens worldwide. On various forums and at different levels, are discussed questions relating to the need for identification of purposes as well as of economic and non-economic consequen...

Entrepreneurial labour is considered as a special commodity, the creative characteristics of which fully determine the efficiency of the competitive economy, possibilities for producing goods of high quality and convenient services and scales and tempo of scientific, technical and organizational changes. Any entrepreneurial activity is always entrepreneurial labour, but not every entrepreneurial labour can be registered as entrepreneurial activity. Both the development of the market for entrepreneurial labour, whi...

Innovation became the symbol of the modern society, a panacea for solving numerous problems of the contemporary enterprise. Fascination of innovation can be observed, however is accompanied often by the crisis in the innovation process. Nevertheless, enterprises enter the innovation activities in order to achieve competitive advantages. If innovations are really so important tools, used by entrepreneurs, what is their origin? The article deals with the internal innovative initiatives as a valuable source of its or...

The improvement and modernization of transport or deterioration of transport on the other hand has a direct impact on tourism. The history of tourism and transport provides a clear understanding of this relationship. The transportation can be discussed without taking tourism into consideration but tourism can't flourish without travel. Transportation is an essential part of tourism industry. Due to the improvements of transportation the tourism industry has expanded especially during last years. This paper analyze...

At present, many services companies are joining the ranks of science-intensive national economy sectors, generating various innovations, among them innovations in the spheres of infrastructural, utility, household services, as well as computer, engineering, telecommunications, medical and educational technologies and services. All of the above contributes to the dynamic development of the services sector. In the services sector, a major role is played by the provision of household services to the population. Howev...

The undervaluation of the national currency may lead both to the acceleration of economic growth caused by the growth of the price competitive capability of export and the protection of the internal market, as well as to the emergence of losses in course of devaluation that cannot be compensated by the following economy growth. The Russian ruble demonstrates vulnerability to the shocks at the resource markets, and its deep devaluations are provoked by the drastic falls of oil prices. The analysis carried out in th...

Creation, organization and functioning of tourist routes is the basis of the implementation of the tourist potential of areas and objects. However, in the Russian Federation there wasn't carried a comprehensive and full-scale studies of the condition of the tourist route network yet. To conduct the study used a situational and systemic approaches and methods of mathematics and statistics, survey, comparison, analysis and synthesis, abstraction, induction and deduction [1, 8, 10]. This Article presents the results ...

Nowadays, tourism is one of the most debated topics because of the potential to generate revenue and help local communities to develop. With cheaper transportation costs - both in terms of fuel (especially for air transport) and people's ability to acquire their own car, traveling became more accessible for all categories of population, including young students. This article wishes to outline the profile of students from Spain who travel, by pointing out elements such as: the desire to travel, their experience and...

Unpaid work within households and volunteering result in a considerable part of a national economic output yet these activities are normally not included in the standard economic indicators, such as gross domestic product (GDP). The quantification of the volume of unpaid work in Slovakia was done through the use of surveys in Slovak households and subsequent calculations of time spent on unpaid work activities and its valuation in financial terms. The results confirmed some common trends and characteristics of unp...

One of the renowned research models in tourism is T.A.L.C. pattern (Tourism Area Life Cycle) of prof. Richard Butler. The model highlights the direct link between the variable "time" and "number of tourists" who can arrive in a tourist area depending on the development period / age that it has it, by proposing several possible tourism development stages of an area. Based on this model and on the principles of geographical spatiality, this paper aims to promote a new variant of TALC, TASS, which focuses on the chan...

In the article is carried out the general analysis of profit sources and possibilities of growth on the example of regional oil monopolist JSC “Tatneft” basing on authors methodology. For the periods of 2005 - 2013 are also constructed the models of growth with marking an extensive and intensive factors for the purpose of the accounting of their shares in production management.

Rapid developments in information and communication technologies have improved all sort of services, including tourism services. At the same time new technologies can also be used to measure and monitore tourism activities. As tourism generates directly and indirectly an increase in economic activity through consumpting goods and services in the places visited it is important for destination managers to have a clear understanding of the number of visitors as well as their activity, spendings and duration of the vi...

The purpose of this article is to analyze the Romanian agriculture during the time period 1990-2013. Descriptive statistics was used in order to assess: the surface of arable land, the surface of the cultivated land, the main crops, the exports and the imports. Secondly, trend line function was used to foresee the evolution of the cultivated land of Romania till the year 2020. The results underline the importance of capitalizing the agricultural potential of the country. Romania had an agricultural potential of 6,...

The paper describes various projects of water resources optimizing use including redistribution of a river drain in Russia and in other countries. These projects are considered prerequisites for the water resource market formation. The main factor of the economy advanced ancient civilizations, as well as in modern industrial society, it needs water. After all, the first law of mankind was laws on water. Today providing the population with high-quality water in the world is an important issue. Water like no other n...

The article presents the whistleblowing regulations in Romania and the gap between what laws state and what is done and known in reality by people in the public sector. The methodology uses comparison, analysis, observation and presents some cases from Romania related to whistle blowers or to cases that could use the regulations that protects whistle blowers. The paper is useful for managers and employees in the public sector dealing with these problems.

In last few decades we can see many failures of managers at every size of companies all around the world caused by lack of information. These managers who did bad decision were too tied to the operational requirements of business and the result of their bad decisions affected the whole company business and company strategy. The main problem of these failures are decisions driven by emotions, intuition or political influences inside or outside of the company instead of data and numbers driven decisions. Business In...

This paper aims to investigate how the optimal relationships between crops and chemicals can be determined. In order to answer this question, a piece of research was carried out on the statistical methods. The focus is on the variant method as little research has been conducted on different combination between factor and crop. As a support to establish the optimal link between crops and chemicals indicators of marginalism such as marginal production, marginal cost and expenditure, elasticity, marginal income, marg...

The purpose of this paper is to present the factors of organisational culture in learning organizations for providing of effective flow of competitive intelligence (CI) process. Through engagement into the cultural transformation process of the whole system, the steering group is enabled to create precisely the culture required for providing efficient CI management in the organisation. The study was performed in two stages. At the first stage, research was undertaken in the form of in-depth interview about the tre...

The latest researches consider positive energy buildings as being a new sustainable pathway for reaching a green society. This implies a more secure future, with low resource consumption, zero energy losses, minimization of greenhouse gas emissions and of biodiversity losses. A way to achieve this desideratum is by investing in restoration and new constructions considering the economic, social and environmental impacts. This paper focuses on investigating the new trends in construction and building sector from the...

Consequences of resent economic crises and economic resilience of administrative-territorial units of Russia are considered. We define resilience as the ability of a regional economy to withstand, absorb or overcome internal or external economic shock. We have chosen to use the gross regional product, employment rate and percent of population with incomes lower then living wage as primary indicators of resilience. All territories are divided into four types in accordance with their ability to withstand shock or re...

Competition law prohibits all types of anti-competitive agreements, both express agreements and other arrangements identified as “cartels” or “concerted practices”. The evidence used for proving an agreement may be classified in two categories: direct and circumstantial proofs. When cartel cases cannot be built on the basis of direct evidence, courts require additional proofs to demonstrate its existence, including proofs of communication between competitors and economic evidence, the latter being represen...

In this paper the authors try to present the method PROMETHEE II (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation), which they use for comparing the 27 European countries that are in the European Union. Authors focus on five chosen macroeconomic indicators: growth of GDP, unemployment, Harmonized Index of Customer Prices, expenditure on research and development, annual earnings. Using PROMETHEE II and the data of chosen indicators the authors create an absolute range of countries in the time of ec...

Quality of life became a priority for researchers from many study areas. Researches realized in the last few years regarding the quality of life focused mainly on urban reality. The article purposes to offer a short review of the literature concerning quality of life and urban development, to study the connection between this terms and also important statistics from Romania. A survey based on five main themes was conducted with the aim to create an image of quality of life in each quarter of Bucharest. Implication...

Knowledge society has been identified by Academician Blazej as one of the pillars of the 21st century. Explicit knowledge increases and its use in terms of productivity should be meaningful. On the other hand, there there must be no mistake, in which bizarre opinions are announced, such as the inability to set general education or inability of any discipline to be integrated into education. We also believe that cognition, knowledge and natural desire of a man to know are the alpha and omega of knowledge society.Th...

The paper deals with the issue of a systemic approach to strategic management in the period of the transformation of information-based to knowledge-based society, where one of the strategic factors in the process is the use and development of intellectual capital. Described in the first part is the main contexts of the given issue, and then there is a design of a general model of the systemic approach to the development of a knowledge-based society.