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Medieval fortified castles occupy a place of their own in the collective conscious of society, being constantly present in the world of our imagination due to their expressive place in the landscape. After a period of greatness in the Middle Ages, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries there occurred a decrease in the military significance of castles. The contemporary role of medieval castles appears to be that of a status of tourist attractions and this necessitates their adaptation to this function. The forms ...

European residents and international tourists often visit European city centres, breathing in their atmosphere, searching for memorable places with cultural and historical distinctness. Downtown urban complexes, where works of architecture create a substance layered across centuries through urban regulation and parcellation, create a material record of history, exceptionally valuable to national culture and the familiarity and identity of cities. Fascination with history and the past, drawing on them and their con...

This study aims to identify new patterns that occurred in multi-family high-density housing of urban areas in Romania, and to analyze local trends in comparison with European trends. The paper explores historical housing policies, their relation to European trends, and current housing policies as well as new types of multi-family housing built in the last decade in Romania. The main concern was to research the manifestation of new architectural patterns in multifamily residential buildings in Romania and to verify...

Buildings for the performing arts have been built since ancient times. The primary rules for designing the auditorium and the stage have not changed to date. Contemporary buildings for the performing arts are distinguished primarily by the functional adaptability of the auditorium, the stage and support facilities (public spaces). Modern buildings for the performing arts may have, in many cases, flexible auditorium and stage arrangements and also multi-purpose public spaces. Multiple-use of such buildings is assoc...

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of the reception of patterns of residential architecture in the residential buildings of the lower social layer (peasantry) inhabiting rural areas in Prussia in the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century. The area covered by research, in terms of territory, is the state of Prussia, or more strictly the Kingdom of Prussia in its basic form, in which it functioned throughout the 19th century and is currently located within the borders of the Polish state. The ...

Features of architecture of Abkhazian medieval one-apsidal hall temples are presented in this article. A small one-nave church is easy to build and it was important in the conditions of a need for fast and universal construction of temples. It is a reflection of local architectural preferences and the construction equipment as the local masters could build such temples, not owning difficult technologies of arch building. Besides, by means of a gradual extension of additional rooms the one-apsidal church was easy t...

The article presents the living idea of the creation of places of worship and religious encounter and dialogue between Christian communities against the background of the division between the Christian East and West and the hidden potential of its returning to ecumenical unity. Based on a short case study, it demonstrates the architectural design of the All Saints Temple as an academic ecumenical chapel in the campus of the Bialystok University of Technology. By referring to the universal symbolism of forms and or...

The diffusion and development of digital technologies had radically changed the way in which museums and cultural institutions offer content to the public. In this regard, the academic field has been discussed about the connection between the Design discipline and Cultural Heritage for several years; this is due to the profound transformations faced in both Design and Cultural Heritage areas. Through the description of two different pro-jects we intend to highlight the problem of technology, which does not represe...

Design is largely considered to be everything from a beautiful form to an innovative consumer product. What certainly differs an artefact from the designed product is that a product is created for the mass-cultures and mass-production and its development requires choosing of a precise methods organized in a specific design process. The complexity of design today lies in handling not only the creativity and industry but also rapid scientific and technological development and new social challenges. All these factors...

The article aims at answering the following question: does the architecture of moderation and understatement, architecture full of respect for the multi-layered context, history, topography, culture of place etc., i.e. genius loci, exist in Poland today? The question seems to make sense because of numerous, spectacular realisations of structures devoted to culture which were completed since the year 2004, when the country accessed the EU, but also because of many revitalisations. The authoress of the article, beca...

Early intra-prosthetic dislocation is one of the most common postoperative complications in Total Hip Arthroplasty (T.H.A.), for both women and men, affecting between 3-5% of patients. The main causes of early intra-prosthetic dislocation are due to the incorrect positioning of the hip joint prosthetic components (including the attention paid by the surgeon with respect to the anteversion or torsion angle), the patientВ’s muscular diseases, or the geometry of the prosthetic components which are not totally compati...

Today's society is at the junction of two great challenges: the desire to preserve and carry on the values of the past, materialized in heritage sites and the application of all the measures known at present, to ensure high living standard from the point of view of thermal comfort and energy efficiency. These two directions are often found to contradict each other and even end up rejecting each other. To take care of the values of the past, it means applying clear rules in the processes of rehabilitation, restorat...

Arrangement and composition of park ensembles of medieval China remains rather difficult to study, since there is no park of that time preserved in its original form. In particular, this applies to public parks, since the historical descriptions mainly relate to the famous imperial or private parks of the Song Dynasty. In addition, these descriptions are generally not provided with plans or any other images. However the historical chronicle "Jinding Jiankangzhi", describing the city of Nanjing of the Southern Song...

The paper presents the multi-criteria approach in the design process of residential structure as a part of a multifunctional building system. The purpose of work was to broaden the field of multifunctional building system design process. Background for the presented work is to define the direction of architectural growth of the modern city center area where actually are built complex and large capacity structures with a great impact on the total urban structure. The methodology depends on the analysis of the multi...

Water, as one of the fundamental elements of nature, has been used to decorate the spaces of cities since ancient times. Water features refer to associations with nature, thanks to which they elicit positive experiences among the users of urban space, as well as a feeling of relaxation and a pleasant sensation of being in contact with nature. The article presents the process of the influence of water features within urban space on the human senses and on the possibilities of producing specific sensory and emotiona...

The diversity of learning styles and sensory preferences of students should be reflected in the teaching and learning processes using student-centred methods, such as Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to achieve an active and effective education. The UDL method has been tested and implemented at the Faculty of Architecture, the Slovak University of Technology (STU) in Bratislava, mainly within the subject Universal Design (UD) during the winter semester in 2017. The aim of our research was: (1) to verify the pre...

System comprise Elements, relationships, and purposes. Precisely because of the complexity of the system, when we solve complex problems, if we use simple thinking, the result will not be satisfactory. Therefore, systematic thinking is a better way of solving complex problems. As Stefan Moritz said, “Service Design is not a new specialist design discipline. It is a new multi-disciplinary platform of expertise”, service design is a complex platform. In order to create a systematic concept or service, the servic...

Alberto Burri is an Italian artist who worked in the post-war period; his works belong to the current called "arte informale", that is, contrary to any form. His artistic research ranges from painting to sculpture, where he always focused on the expressiveness of materials, while making his works with common materials. His career initially developed as works in separate series, where each series used a different material. This is precisely the great strength of Burri's work, as each material becomes itself the mai...

Examples of therapeutic space can be traced back hundreds of years ago. In ancient times, sacred groves, hills or caves with healing springs were used for therapeutic functions, while the medieval monastery gardens served as a kind of pharmaceutical facilities, which constituted a kind of therapeutic contemplative gardens. In the 19th century, there was a dynamic development of spa towns, whose specificity influenced the formation of characteristic elements of a public space (such as spa parks, concert shells and ...

Despite the currently prevailing stylistic pluralism, one can also find such creators in contemporary architecture who are able to both use the legacy of modernist thought and combine it with the universal values and rules constituting the essence of architecture that were established already in antiquity. The Vitruvian triad pointed to the solidity, utility and beauty of architecture. This universal set of features and their interrelationship can be noticed in the works of many contemporary architects. The design...

In the 19th century a number of modern curative and healthcare hospitals with complex functional and spatial layout were erected in the territory of the West Prussia. The largest of them were specialist centres treating physical and mental illnesses and disabilities: institutions for mentally ill patients (including addicts), epileptics and disabled people. Apart from the medical treatment section, there were administrative, social and technical facilities, all constituting parts of the complex. The hospital part ...

By studying various sources of information about nowadays jewelry, such as published materials, websites, catalogs, exhibitions, salon collections, a digital system for collecting, selecting, analyzing Latvian jewelry design was created. Within the framework of the scientific paper, several aspects of the design of the jewelry from the point of view of the system are considered, such as the author, the pictures, the details about the jewelry, the look of the jewelry, the materials, the technologies used. The infor...

Municipal school is the second home for our children where they learn the material and spiritual values, where their intellectual development is formed. When designing such a construction site, in addition to the anti-terrorism protection, which is topical today, it is necessary to create systems of engineering and technical support of the building at a high level, to which, in the present paper, we propose application of energy-efficient technology for delivering natural light to rooms with permanent presence of ...

Background The publication presents the results of an analysis of the technological and material construction solutions of insular Venice, in addition to their destruction and securing methods. Corrosion is a natural process of the environmentВ’s influence on materials, which produces chemical or physicochemical reactions causing damage to a given structure. The first materials to undergo destruction are those that are most susceptible to corrosion. The rate of the infliction of corrosive damage to multi-element s...

This paper took as reference the master’s dissertation ?In-between times: plastic and environmental dialogue between eighteenth-century architecture and the Rio de Janeiro Saint Benedict’s School project, (1967-69), a reflection of historical memories and commentaries? [1]. Memories of the architect are rescued, as well as historical references from the project of the Rio de Janeiro Saint Benedict’s School, 1967-69. The variance of the documentary image researched in photos, croquis and blueprints stimulated...

The city as a living organism in order to be attractive to residents, and also for tourists, must respond to the needs and challenges of the present. Even the historic areas, if they do not represent the exceptional monumental value – a subject of strict protection and conservation, undergo evolutionary changes. Today, in many urban areas an intensive process of restoring space to the users is ongoing. The idea of the city as it was known from about a half century ago (global activities of the Danish architect a...

The purpose of this article is to confirm the thesis that the planning of lighting and illumination is a factor increasing the attractiveness of the night landscape, which significantly improves the quality of life and is positively viewed by the residents and visitors. The author presents new artistic trends in night landscape development, aimed at protecting the historical heritage and local identity of cities, as well as shaping their contemporary image by creating (or updating) planning concepts within the con...

The article describes the peculiarities of architecture of the objects of the second line of defense of Anacopia (the capital of the early-medieval kingdom of Abkhazia) – a unique monument of early-medieval architecture of VI-XI c.: the tower at the gates, the adjacent gate and walls. We revealed regional historic processes, shew the results of archaeological researches, digital examination, analysis of the building stratigraphy of the mortars, research applying methods of natural sciences, basing on which we ma...

The article presents studies and numerical simulations on modeling snow influence on TAURON ARENA suspended roof structure in Cracow. The scope of work includes experimental tests, functions solutions taking into account various cases of snow impact according to PN and EC, as well as numerical simulations for the sport and entertainment arena in the Czyzyny district. The FEM roof structure model developed in the SOFISITK software consists of bar and surface elements. The structure is made of bar elements, whereas ...

The article describes the history, architecture and development of the Eastern Battery (also known as the Gerhard Fort) – one of three remaining coastal forts in ?winouj?cie (former Swinemünde) located in northern Poland, by the Baltic Sea. The research is mostly based on historical cartographic material and architectural plans verified during field studies. This data served to create a digital model – one of the results of the study, as well as a research tool helping to detect and visualize transformations ...

Background: “The first obligation of urbanism is to come into accord with the fundamental needs of men. (…) The sun must penetrate every dwelling several hours a day even during the season when sunlight is most scarce. (…) Builders must be required to submit a diagram showing that the sun will penetrate each dwelling for a minimum of two hours on the day of the winter solstice, failing which, the building permit will be denied. To introduce the sun is the new and most imperative duty of the architect.” In Ju...

In this paper, the authors would like to focus on the importance of the translation of the Kralice Bible (named after the village of Kralice nad Oslavou in Moravia where it was printed), whose third and most famous edition was published in 1613, for the development of the Czech language and culture at the time of the Renaissance. The first part of the paper outlines the situation in Europe in the 16th century, during the Humanism and Renaissance period, when the emphasis was put on the importance of translating th...

Developing adequate methods for stocktaking of landscape resources and for assessment of the landscape is a key issue for its proper preservation and shaping, which are determinant actions conditioning sustainable development and spatial order. The need to develop a method for assessing the cultural landscape, adapted to contemporary ways of defining its attractiveness (considering not only aesthetic or utilitarian but also social and emotional aspects), is clearly visible in the context of the dynamics of the cul...

The labyrinth, as a riddle alike, is one of the most primordial cultural images. Initially, its image was related to the prevention of evil and its deterrence, also by luring and imprisoning evil spirits in it. It served to confuse and stop the intruder, who, to enter it, had to guess the puzzle or find its way to its center. The labyrinth, like the templum, was an image of the city, protecting and renewing it. The meaning of this image seems to be ambivalent, but polar and complementary: on the one hand, achievin...

The turn of the 21th century has presented a new, significant phase in the functioning of the villas built in the suburban districts of Gda?sk around 100 years ago. Current favorable economic and political circumstances have contributed to an intensification of building investments, including conservation work on historical buildings. Establishing a general conservational concept for the historical villas requires an in-depth analysis of the historical sources and architectural research due to the frequent and sig...

The paper focuses on the influence of medieval military architecture on the contemporary urban cultural landscape based on the example of the Polish area of Western Pomerania – a historical and geographic land located on the lower Oder. Analytical and statistical studies were carried out on the preserved resource of the medieval city walls. The aim was to determine the resource of military architecture in the areas of Western Pomerania, its valorisation and identify the role it plays in the cultural landscape of...

The subject of this paper is the design of a modern Buddhist retreat center in the West, which presents and unites both the traditional foundations of the Eastern Buddhist culture and the conditions of the modern Western world. The paper answers the question if it is possible to fully transmit through architecture and landscape design the essence of the Buddhist culture to the modern European surrounding, without losing the root of its ritual background. Because of the increasing popularity of Buddhism in the West...

In numerous regions of the world there are artificial mounds, pyramids or earth embankments that distinguish themselves from the surrounding due to their intentional shape pointing to the existence of sacred sites, burial places or the boundaries of protected space. A large number of them refers to the archetype of the mountain, understood as a timeless monumental form rising up to this particular point where the earthly sphere meets the heavenly one. The paper presents the new meanings of the most recognisable la...

The article presents characteristic features of this type of buildings on the example of old and modern Orthodox churches of the borderland area. Their ideological message and spatial and functional shape are revealed in comparison with the traditional archaeological and symbolic structures of Orthodox churches that are considered canonical. They are also evaluated in terms of their liturgical servitude. The newly created temples, using traditional spatial and liturgical arrangements and at the same time the conve...

The paper studies the role of light in architectural creations of contemporary buildings of representative function. Based on the selected projects and completed buildings dedicated to culture and art, it analyzes and systematizes the examples of using light to obtain visual effects that mark the architecture with a universal and timeless message. The method of research is case study and critical analysis of literature. Light plays a particularly significant role in shaping contemporary buildings of cultural funct...

The paper focuses on the so-called Berlin school and its role in urban and architectural realizations in the period of the historicism. The present study was covered the eastern areas of Prussia, currently located in the boundaries of Poland. The following cities were analyzed: Berlin, Szczecin, Pozna? and Wroc?aw, which in the first half of the 19th century underwent a process of intense changes in urban planning and architecture. The scientific literature of subject and research of archival materials in the coll...

The melancholic and changeable character of the Baltic Sea has often been used in the painting of the romantic period. The sea and its beaches were also an important composition element as well as a supplement of Baltic coastal gardens which were founded in West Prussia in the 19th century. Gardens set up on the coast used various moods of nature, as well as extensive and beautiful sea landscapes, often leading to nostalgia. The spectacle of the sea was becoming an element of a park: a real element – a spatial p...

The global transport landscape is generally experiencing a transformative time, likely due to a combination of new technologies and society driven innovations. these changes gradually convert the meaning of products and services related to mobility, altering ex-pectations for the consumer involved in the process [1]. This study intends to describe the processes and design methods used by the DIT lab., a joint laboratory of the DesignCampus of the University of Florence and Trenitalia com-pany s.p.a., which deals w...

The article defines the phenomenon of space thematisation with regards to rural areas in Poland. The typology of thematic spaces and criteria of their comparative description have been proposed. Thematic villages, home gardens, amusement parks and housing estates have been distinguished. They have been compared in terms of spatial availability, the degree of user participation and the commercial vs. non-commercial creation purpose. The indicated factors were considered decisive for the sustainability of the themat...

Urban areas are subject to continuous transformations. Apart from central parts of cities, residential districts develop the fastest. Together with the expansion of cities and sprawl of building development over larger and larger areas, transformations also occur in the existing structures. The introduced changes frequently lead to a complete change of the character of building development. The objective of the article is the analysis of parcellation, functional, and spatial transformations occurring in the area o...

This article is a part of broader research on the rationalist attitude in architectural theory and practice. The subject of the following considerations is the notion of typological thinking. Raising of this subject aims to systematize knowledge (both rich historical and contemporary theory) and to draw attention to the issue of type and typology as a potential tool for shaping architectural form. Categorization, classification, identification, definition, and constriction are constructs engrained in human nature,...

Bridges in urban areas often constitute architectural dominant features of particular cities. In general, while an arrangement of bridges in rural areas prefers technical points of view, in case of urban bridges esthetical or architectural perspective plays important role as well. It causes non-unified solutions and more complicated structures, frequently with very knotty details. Such structures cannot be monitored using conventional methods as shown in an example of the fallen footbridge in Prague recently. The ...

Compared to the separate production of electric and thermal energy from conventional sources of fuels, their combined generation in a Combined Heat and Power Plant (CHP), produces a primary energy saving of at least 10%. This savings can also be translated by a proper reduction of pollution caused by combustion of fuels and thus by contributing to maintaining sustainable development. However, there are also situations where cogeneration can be extended to produce many more forms of useful energy, using the same ma...

One of the basic theoretical postulates for the protection of monuments is to preserve them in the place of their creation. However, such action is not always possible to implement. The great historical processes of the 20th century led to significant national, political, religious and cultural changes in the border areas between Poland and Ukraine. As a result of those changes, a large number of wooden churches have lost their users. These buildings indicate the development of the skills of using wood as the basi...