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Numerous advantages of contractual devices in the field of inheritance law, as well as the trends of development of the succession law, imposed the need to devote special attention to the impact of contract of inheritance on the principle of freedom of testation, as the reflexion of the principle of autonomy of will in the inheritance law. The comparison of various legal systems showed great divergences regarding contracts of inheritance: legal regulations varied from its wide acceptance (Germany, Switzerland), th...

This study is a doctrinaire material in European law of human rights matter and succesional law domain, the last one being a part of civil law. Its purpose is to review if there is an influence of Article no.8 from European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which is regulating right to respect for private and family life , upon Romanian inheritance law and what it consists in.The utilized materials are bibliographical sources , which include European Convention on Human Rights...

In the pages of this study, the reader has the opportunity to find out the new aspects of the issue regarding Religious Liberty due to a hermeneutical examination of the text of various national and international legal norms, which we corroborated them with the principles of the juridical doctrine, hence the personal contribution in approaching a matter that continues to be a predilect subject of the EU legislator. Among others thinks, in our study we managed to prove „a l'evidence” that from the wright to the...

Nowadays, the environment has suffered many transformations, becoming severely endangered, with every day that passes. The importance of a healthy and equilibrated environment is increasing, whilst pollution becomes the main cause for the destruction of any ambient. I think that man, is the main being responsible for the degradation and pollution of the environment in which we live- but also man, is the only one that can save the nature from destruction, by adopting an adequate ecological behaviour and by stopping...

The courts are expected to establish the fair conclusions and justice; however in some instances court decisions might result with some economic costs and unfair situations for the economic actors. With this article we will study 1) some issues which might carry the potential unfair results by justice for the economy; 2) from where people expect in fact the fairness and positive impacts on the economy; 3) the reasons for negativities instead of positive results from court decisions; 4) some type of verdicts causin...

The legislation in Romania has experienced significant changes in recent years, one of them being the introduction of the new Civil Code on 1 October 2011. This Code repealed the Commercial Code previously existing, commercial provisions being taken over by this new Civil Code. Therefore, the provisions of the Civil Code apply also on the liability of the company's management bodies, along with the Romanian special legislation, which is in accordance with the European regulations, including on matters related to t...

The study is presenting research focused on non-timber forest products, their significance of consumption and other possible usage heading to economic improvement or rural populations from the Peruvian Amazon. The study sampling represents three villages situated in the remote areas affected by timber exploitation where attitudes to NTFPs collection and use are strong. Data collection was carried out during September and October 2011 through interviews, semi–structured questionnaires and direct observation follo...

The paper on the example of the Russian education notes the difficulties associated with the humanization of the educational process. Particular attention is drawn to the need for the great demand of the humanistic education in society and the importance of training the teachers for it. The content, similarity and difference of the educational institutions types (traditional, open and humanistic oriented school) are analyzed. The open school shows a possible way of humanization of education as a transition from th...

The right to a name is a fundamental element of the single's personality. It is an expression of his/her identity, which reflects a single individual in the familiar and social context. In many legal systems the right to a name is considered to be just an aspect of the more complex right to identity, which represents one of the personality's right. Nevertheless, it must be pointed out that the name has a double dimension. Precisely, the internal dimension of the name guarantees the manifestation of personal identi...

No one can deny that The current principles and structure of litigation in each country reflect the legal system and economy of that country. So, the short phrase "Access to Justice" means, or includes, access to courts and tribunals involved in the delivery of justice. Justice, as so administered, has to be available to all, on an equal footing. At the same time we can realize that: "The Phenomenon of the Slow Pace of Litigation" expands to include all wings of the judicial system, Civil, Criminal, and Economic I...

The international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a noticeable role in world politics, being important actors in international relations. The paper seeks to examine the roles that non-state organizations play in Russia and analyze specific features of their functioning institutions and mechanisms of interaction with the national government. The paper uses historical comparative analysis methods to show, how non-governmental organizations are being developed and major trends of NGOs activity in Russia. T...

The article discusses the importance and application of the European Convention's right to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law in criminal cases in the Supreme Court of Finland, as well as the influence of the nature of the case the European Court of Human Rights the national legal system in Finland. Particular attention is paid to the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights, legal precedent and recognized principles and norms of int...

The foremost role that a legal norm has, is the protection of a social value considered important, at a specific point in the history of a community. Rules of law and even principles of law are not generally considered as immutable, as the factors that determine them are changing over time. Considering the rule of law as being sacred, unchangeable, would definitely be a mistake. At the same time, changing the rules of law too often would create instability, legal uncertainty. Recently in Romania, for example, majo...

The bases of the relations between the Roman State and the Church were established by the Edict of Milan in 313. In the IVth and VIth centuries, these relationships between "Imperium" and "Sacerdotium", recte between the State and the Church, were marked by the state interference in the life of the Church, derogating therefore its legal and canonical status of its autonomy, which brought along the subservience of the clergy in relation to imperial power. The imperial constitutions, the Acts of the Ecumenical Counc...

The contract is concluded at the time and the place where the offer meets its acceptance. The article aims to deal with these elements, as key aspects in forming the parties' consent. The time and place are different as it depends whether the contracts are concluded between parties personally or in the parties' absence. The specialized legislation in this field, in addition to the rules above, it distinguishes also between the time and place of distance contracts and the time and place of the conclusion of contrac...

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is growing by its membership and its impact on the international life is increasing. However, the concept of the WTO law is still rather vague due to different views on the links between this legal system and the general rules of International Law. WTO law also differs from the understanding of the law of international organizations existing in the international law doctrine. The study of these issues became the purpose of the present paper, where the WTO law is considered in cor...

Contemporary Czech liturgical music is a genre which has been given an official attention of cultural community only after the year 1989. It relates to the political situation and the state ideology that prevented the spread of this music and even obstructed its musicological processing or pedagogical use. However, until this time, it has not been systematically analyzed, although the differences of styles and experience from concert presentations show that this music deserves the attention of artists, students, s...

This study investigates performance and perception of microintervals in first movement (Hora lunga) from Gyorgy Ligetis' Sonata for Solo Viola. The 2.5 bar excerpt was performed live by the professional viola player – the author of this paper, with intention to test the performance and perception of two intonational versions – one containing equally tempered semitones B3-C4 (100 cents), and the other containing microintervals, which should be performed by lowering pitch B3 by 49 cents, or about a quartertone (...

This paper wants to present and highlight the very difficult but very valuable work of Romanian composer Viorel Munteanu, conceived as a theme with variations, inspired from a carol from Transylvania (Romania), collected by Bela Bartok. There are presented the results of research and artistic activity carried out in several stages: structural analysis and solving the specific technical problems, for such an interpretive act; the results of the interpretation experience resulted from performing the work in differen...

Approaching the history of music at present day, entails, first and foremost, setting in order the writings of important authors, who, by their general- cultural view (connection to the historic, esthetical, philosophical and political ideas of the time), and musical (the balance between general aspects regarding the presentation of either eras, styles, or composers and their oeuvres, and the personal option for certain esthetics, certain language or significant opus), contributes to the diversity of research meth...

We propose a very important research subject developed around the concept of actor, namely a theoretical and applied study of stage movement in developing the creativity of actors. The study proposes the identification and, afterwards, the use of the contemporary acting and its adaptation to freelancing. Thus, starting from the present theoretical models together with the existent case studies, we will approach this subject taking into account the specificity of European and Romanian cultural pattern. Taking into ...

Beginning with the second half of the XIXth century, the Romanian space has known a powerful stylistic orientation, with its own main purpose to exploit the archaic, archetypal chant and melody, specific to the oral traditional Romanian music. The impact was strong and generalized, gathering a great number of composers who, through the approach of all musical genres, have developed the musical language up to a maximal degree of complexity, in a perfect synchronicity with the musical tendencies and currents promote...

At present, the link between musicology and new information and communications technologies, a well as the novel possibilities this link provides for preparing critical editions of music, receive more and more attention. Furthermore, financing and publishing extensive series of critical editions of music for print is becoming more complicated. Institutions financing research in this field are beginning to place more emphasis on the preparation of scholarly editions in digital format. The success of some of these e...

Term scene design relates to professional, artistic, curatorial, theoretical and ideological practices developed from the expanded meaning of scenography – as semantic category and artistic discipline. The first researches in this area in Serbia started in 1996 with the series of exhibitions and theoretical symposia dealing with the phenomenon of spectacle in the contemporary world, and resulting in scene design being defined as a joint process of conception, creation and realisation of a scene in the broadest s...

In the contemporary music industry the image of a musician or a music event appears to be one of the most important parts of an agent or concert organization work. Thanks to correctly formed image a musician (music event) becomes memorable, recognizable and able to concentrate appropriate target audience around him (it). Successful and elaborated image is a key factor for a music project success and sometimes overshadows the quality of the music itself. The purpose of the article is to present our own vision on im...

In his book length essay L'homme revolte / The Rebel, Albert Camus describes the absurd man in terms of its major essential qualities: freedom, passion and revolt and identifies its three major prototypes: the Creator, Conqueror and Don Juan. All these qualities of the absurd man, outlined by the famous French writer and philosopher in his writings, are undoubtedly vivid descriptors of Samuel Beckett, in all his human and professional stances: as playwright (The Creator), director (The Conqueror) and complete arti...

There are neither simple nor facile things or answers when we talk or wonder about Samuel Beckett the person, the artist, the professor, the playwright, the director. His manifest theater flashed briefly through the world, revolutionizing and breaking patterns and demolishing conventions. He challenged and irreversibly changed the horizon of expectation for spectators in what the theatrical experience was concerned. His dramatic creation, bridge between world and stage set new delimitations of the space of accepta...

The notion of empty space in this work was defined on the basis of theoretical investigations in the fields of theatre, psychoanalysis, philosophy, and theory of space. Understanding of the empty space in theatre was based onto the theories of a British director Peter Brook, while the theoretical postulates of Jacques Lacan were taken from the field of psychoanalysis. Concept of the emptiness, which Peter Brook defines as the ultimate condition for emergence of the truly theatrical experience, was analyzed in a re...

From a general perspective, the Romanian composers of the second half of XX century felt themselves united to a certain synchronistic spirit of the musicians from the Western Europe (and not only them), being polarized by the imperative to create a synthesis, essentially based on the fusion of three factors: 1. The assimilation of composition techniques universally recognized; 2. The valorisation of the autochthone modal-archaic potential; 3. The personal, authentic infusion of the creator. In this context, two st...

Silence means concentration, emotion, analysis. The spectator understands what he sees. In the moment in which he sees a sign, he decodes it; the sign can be represented by a gesture or a sound but by silence as well. Could silence be a sign of the inner conflict on both sides of the stage? The present research is based on three axes: the actor's play, the communication with the partner and the reception of the message considering the unuttered word the expression of the inner language. In this vein, methodologica...

Globalization is a leading concept which has become the main factor in everyday business during the last few decades. As every aspect of life is inadvertently affected by this phenomenon, the very notion of architecture is also influenced with the emergence of new meanings and definitions. The foremost example of such a transition in the field of architecture is no doubt the modern shopping environment. Being one of the initial activities of mankind; commerce and trade first emerged as simple bartering and continu...

Globalization is unification. In the field of architecture and in the social structure alike, the globalization leads to a blending of economies and cultures that produces uniformly branded public space as a response to universal assumptions of integration and correlation. While branding consists in creating a recognizable and outstanding image a strong contradiction exists between both of these approaches. As a result, regional architecture is disappearing, while the growth in significance of international archit...

This paper includes a brief report of the research that questions whether an outline of the structure of the modern architectural knowledge could be drawn and how the concepts 'discontinuity' and 'opposition' could be utilized in attaining an epistemological reading of it. A contextual analysis of the texts and visual material on architecture has provided us with compatible data on how oppositions such as the ones between 'building and topography', 'compositional unit and whole', 'iconic and symbolic values of arc...

The objective of this research is identification, studying and analysis of the combined technologies for art processing of glass, which will allow us to expand the range of products of arts and crafts considerably. This paper presents the features of the combined technologies for kilnformed glass. The technology of consecutive agglomeration and recomposition of the glass elements is especially important. The author conducted an experiment which helped to research and investigate main characteristics of the pre-fus...

The experience of the expropriation of conventual complexes and their adaptation for the new administration is the basis for a detailed discussion that illuminates the cultural and political world and is especially significant for the development of Italian architecture in the last decades of the nineteenth century. In these experiences we observe the search for a "national style" and the debate on the professional skills required to work on pre-existing architectural stuctures. This last aspect is important in th...

This article deals with Ural factory hospitals of various periods of time and styles: Demidovsky Hospital in Nizhny Tagil, Factory Hospital in Zlatoust and Factory Hospital in Satkinsk. Authors carried out comparative analysis of planning and facade decisions, features of planning. Distinctions in plans enable one to observe evolution of planning decisions of hospitals and to estimate influence of the made changes on planning structure of the building as a whole.

The use of a projector to display information has increased. An advantage of projected information is that there is no need for the user to wear special devices. We proposed an interface design to support the display of operating guides on the surface of equipment. We designed an experiment to determine how to display text. Then, we created an interface design to support the procedures of maintenance.

As the world economy has become more global towards the end of the 20th century, protection of intellectual property rights has gained a special importance for the free movement of goods. Intellectual property rights are generally organized into two categories: Copyright and industrial property. Copyright refers to the rights related to artistic and literary works whereas industrial property primarily refers to inventions, trademarks and industrial designs. As designs are intellectual outputs embodying both artist...

While spending time in our everyday urban environment do we ever think how particular architecture influences the economic value of that space? Space has its measurable financial value. From the economic point of view a place can be treated as a product that fights for appearing in tourists' and investors' consciousnesses. Space - treated as an object of demand and supply - becomes an element in a marketing game. To reach its maximum value the space should be competitive to the other spaces, from which it wants to...

While thinking on and writing on the contemporary architecture of 21st century, it is known that there are always encounters difficulties and restrictiveness of making distinct descriptions, because of the existence of many different interesting architectural project examples all over the world. All kinds of descriptive approaches to be held towards the field of contemporary architecture and/or the names that are producing works in the field will inevitably include some details while they also will exclude some ot...

In the 21st century EU is one of the super-power of the World while the definition of the union has been produced since the Middle Ages, more than this it is known that the definition of Europe has been produced since the Antique regarding to the economic, sociological, cultural and politic conditions. Although the idea of the united Europe had existed since the Middle Ages, till the 19th century, it is known that the idea could not turned into the reality. Unless after the 19th century and the early 20th century,...

The tendency to offer hypothetical design problems in architectural design studios is contradictory with its excuse. The assertion that neglecting some contextual inputs would increase creativity remains null as it detaches students from the realistic situations that provide a high chance of possessing a sincere motive for achieving an effective solution. Detachment from the social variables of a given context has such an impact on students who, therefore, tend to focus on formal configurations and skill demonstra...

The Romanian church architecture represents a generic title that refers to the evolution of this branch of religious art, within the lands occupied by the Orthodox Romanians. Places of worship appeared in these lands since the fourteenth century and they were built in all the architectural styles found, from the basilical style to the most complex forms of the byzantine style.However, taking into consideration the fact that Romania was an unified state only after 1918, until the date mentioned earlier in our study...

The aim of the paper is to examine the potential of augmented reality in architectural projects. Authors identify the approaches to augmented reality and present the methodology of its use in architectural practice, as well as the result of own case study - augmented reality design of the district El Cabanyal in Valencia, Spain. The AR Project “TimetravellersCabanyal 2013” enabled not only the virtual reconstruction of demolished buildings on their original place, in three-dimensional representation, but also ...

The paper presents the impact on the architecture of the new technologies of realization of concrete structures. Some topological concepts of structural system, known earlier, can be realized only now – thanks to technological development. The possibility of shaping complex organic forms is important because of the visual perception of created architectural objects.

Since early age, the concrete experiences deformations due to thermal differences and shrinkage. The Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements (JPCPs) have joints, these are weak zones where it is expected the cracks will be produced. In fact the designed slab length considers that the joints crack. During the construction of JPCPs in Chile, in wet climatic conditions, it was observed that the joints remained uncracked even 3 weeks after construction. Nevertheless, in average climatic conditions, the cracking time of the f...

In recent years, the concept of "design culture" is often used in the analysis of various aspects of the theory and practice of design. The researchers from other areas of the humanities knowledge (cultural studies, pedagogy, sociology) operate these aspects. In the present article, the attempts of theoretical understanding of the concept of "design culture" in art are made. The author's definition of the term is given and developed taking into account the experience of its usage in related humanitarian sciences, ...

Architecture is a complex system composed of parts and elements which interact with one another. As Vitruvius claims: 'The design of a temple depends on symmetry, the principles of which must be most carefully observed by the architect. They are due to proportion /.../ Without symmetry and proportion there can be no principle in the design of any temple; that is, if there is no precise relation between its members, as in the case of those of a well shaped man. [\ldots] Therefore, if it is agreed that the numerical...

The worldwide movement related to the inclusion of people with disabilities into society is a great challenge for all professions influencing the building process. The concept of “Design for All / Universal Design” is based on the aim that all built environments and products should be designed to meet the needs of the widest possible range of users. Architects, urban planners and designers must change routine procedures for creation of external and internal built environment; they must put greater emphasis on ...

Fashion communication has been through major changes in the recent years with the emergence and evolution of the new digital media. Advertisement is addressed in multiple channels, not limited to printed media. There is a growing concern in providing timely information to the consumer and creating powerful visual profiles. The research sought to clarify how Fashion has adapted to this new paradigm, through the analysis of three interactive Fashion communication products: two iPad apps – The Unlimited Magazine an...