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As a manifestation of the ne bis in idem principle at the interstate level, the transfer of criminal proceedings is one of the forms of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters that avoids the conduct of parallel proceedings that could lead to prosecution, trial and even conviction a person in different states for committing the same act. Starting from a non-unitary practice aspect regarding the qualification of requests to take proceedings (in the sense of requests to take criminal proceedings or re...

Malaysia continues to retain the death sentence despite the fact that there is a global inclination towards abolishing the death sentence. In this paper, the authors firstly, assessed whether authorities in Malaysia have reviewed the death sentence in Malaysia. Secondly, the authors examined the deterrence effect of the death sentence and then explored the possibility of miscarriage of justice caused by the death sentence. The authors opted for a qualitative legal research method and a doctrinal research method. T...

Online gambling is a phenomenon that has taken the world by storm. Most people these days prefer to gamble from the comforts of their home rather than going to ‘live’ gambling establishments and Malaysia is no exception. This paper will firstly outline the different laws that are in place to govern violations of online gambling with respect to the Muslim and non-Muslim nationals. Next, this paper will address whether the current regulations in Malaysia are sufficient in the regulation of online gambling in the...

The right to liberty is one of the fundamental human rights. Over time, obtaining the right to liberty for people from different social categories (men, women, slaves, etc.) was in many occasions hard and it was achieved at the end of difficult ideological and political struggles. In this article we aim to analyze the equilibrium that exists in contemporary democratic society, between the liberty of each person on the one hand and, on the other hand, the exercise and protection of the other fundamental human right...

The role of multinational enterprises as an important actor in the sphere of international economic relations is well known. It is essential that the governments of the member states take care so that transfer pricing does not affect the rules of commercial competition, the international consensus at the level of trade agreements, but at the same time does not constitute a major risk of customs fraud that could affect financial interests of the EU. The OECD recommendations highlighted the fact that business transa...

The fight against corruption is one of the essential tasks of each state, requiring conceptual, complex legal, organisational, educational, and social measures. The Article aims to assess the impact of the anti-corruption management system operating on the basis of the ISO 37001:2016 standard as an international instrument on national segments: corruption resistance models developed by Lithuanian state-owned enterprises. The National Anti-Corruption Programme 2015-2025 aims to reduce the extent of corruption and i...

To mitigate the economic and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and to increase the sustainability and resilience of European economies and societies, as well as to better prepare them for the challenges and opportunities generated by the green and digital transition, the European Union has put at the disposal of the member states a temporary recovery tool: The Recovery and Resilience Facility. In order to use this financing instrument, each EU member state must draw up its own Recovery and Resilience Plan, th...

Industrial accidents, including major accidents involving hazardous chemicals, continue to occur around the world, and the trend, for example according to European Commission statistics, is not particularly downward. It is well known that the consequences of industrial accidents on human health and life, property and environmental components can be devastating. What may not always be identified, however, are the potential causes and possibly the culprits. It should be good practice for the process of identifying t...

Transgenders are those whose sex assigned to them at birth i.e., male or female, does not conform with their current perceived gender. Since transgenders are considered by the traditional binary male or female society as deviating from the established gender norms, they often face humiliation, discrimination or social exclusion. This paper examined the approaches made by the authorities of Malaysia and England when dealing with transgender issues. The authors employed a doctrinal research method for this paper. Th...

The need for innovative changes in the fight against crime and the necessity to revise the established paradigms of forensic science was bound to reflect in forensic didactics. The academics’ expectations of practice not only call for a new approach to the content and forms of legal education but also for a dialogue with students, who are increasingly shifting from passive consumers of knowledge to active participants in the study process to eventually become the future initiators and implementers of innovation....

Many may have considered the witness’s role in the court’s function of administering justice as delegated by many national constitutions. Why is a witness important to the court and the participants in the proceedings? Must the witness be summoned to appear in court? What rights and obligations does a witness have? The public has these and many other questions when discussing this actor. When a person’s rights or legally protected interests are violated, he or she has the right to seek redress via courts. Th...

n Italy we are witnessing a positive development in the protection of animals that involves more than just criminal law. It has just been announced (at the end of June) that the Senate of the Republic has expressed itself in favour of amending and supplementing the text of an article in the Constitution - a fundamental rule of Italian law - which would recognise the protection of animals Furthermore, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union protects animals as В«sentient beingsВ» and this is a fundament...

The concept of patient’s rights itself was fairly known before the last four or five decades, and medical malpractice of all kinds made the aggrieved party to seek redress at a court; but no special legislation, apart from rare exceptions, has ever existed to anchor the patient’s rights before the late 20th century. In the civil law tradition of the 20th century, especially its earlier decades, doctors could be held criminally or civilly liable for a wide variety of malpractice, including unauthorized medical ...

With a view to modernising state management in the last decade, Lithuania has focused mainly on observing the experience of how foreign countries have handled state management and the development of the self-government system. Lithuania did not gain exper

The process of organization and functionality of one of the most important attributes of any modern democratic legal state, i.e. the state power, is based on certain principles. The principle of separation of powers is universally acknowledged as such a fundamental principle, thus it is generally established in the constitutions of democratic states. Upon restoration of Independence1 the state power in the Republic of Lithuania is also implemented based on the doctrine of separation of powers. Particularly increas...

Regulation (EU) No. 2016/679 (hereinafter the GDPR) has profoundly innovated the subject of personal data protection. Recital 149 of the Regulation states that В«Member States should be able to lay down the rules on criminal penaltiesВ» for infringements of this Regulation, including for infringements of В«national rules adopted pursuant to and within the limitsВ» of this Regulation. This provision must be read in conjunction with Article 84.1, which declares that Member States shall lay down the В«rules on other ...

The subject of the research is legal relationships arising due to the testator’s right of establishing heir’s non-property obligations in the inheritance contract. Current issues of interpretation and implementation of legal provisions on the inheritance

in 2015, the irregular migratory flow marked a beginning of a new era in the history of the European migration. In many European countries, including in Hungary, the public opinion related to this phenomenon has forced the legislators to take the necessary measures against it. In Hungary, among others, the criminal law was also in focus. The first step was the construction of the physical border fence, and as a second stage, the Hungarian Parliament adopted a legal framework on its protection. In accordance with t...

Although the book: The Renaissance Englishwoman in Print. Counterbalancing the canon. Haselkorn and Travitsky, eds., University of Massachusetts Press, 31 January 1990, appeared/was published in the 90В’s through its seventeen (17) essays on women as writers or/and as objects of representation in the English Renaissance, it presents and analyses the ways women were treated in the traditional canon and in the writings - interpretation(s) of these writings. The book is divided in five (5) parts (the outspoken woman,...

The first linguistic congress to discuss the future of the Turkish language was held in Ankara, in 1932. This congress concluded the emergency and the necessity of starting a comprehensive language reform that is referred as a “language revolution” in Turkish. Among others, one of the aims of this revolution was to purify the language by replacing the Arabic and the Persian words with Turkic words. This institutionalized, top-down revolution resulted in the politization of the Turkish language. Since the very ...

Recent research with regard to the ecological approach has managed to model the concept of affordances in relation with higher cognition in order for it to be accommodated by the embodied/enactive approach as part of the “4E cognition” theory. While trying to understand the cognitive effect literature has, we treat the Slovak novel The Wicker Chairs as a case study. We apply the theory of affordances to literature. We show that engaging selectively with multiple affordances results in mapping relations of inte...

This study aims to reach and illuminate at the first level, dramaturgically and comparatively the librettos of the comedians playwriters of the Italian 18th century Carlo Goldoni and Carlo Gozzi. The Venetians playwriters are two of the "fundamental cornerstones" of world theater history, which affected the work of the modern and postmodern world dramaturgy and stage practice. This theatrical production, placed in the context of the original boom of comedian theater in Europe in the 18th century, simultaneously wi...

The aim of this research is to identify the effect of the COVID 19 pandemic on the relations of church state and international law. I am researching the state of religious freedom in the 21st Century in my overall research by studying international human rights law, state laws and religious laws. Through my general research I set up 5 state models to identify church and state relations, namely: pure, cold, coordinated, enemy, and unity depending on each stateВ’s attitude towards religious observance and practice. ...

Under the influence of the law of the European Union, in the Slovak Republic, special attention has been drawn to consumer protection for some time already. Consumer protection is provided for in several laws. Particularly resonant is the protection of consumers from unfair contractual terms, as laid down in the Civil Code (Act No. 40/1964 Coll.) and the Civil Litigation Procedure (Act No. 160/2015 Coll.). In the Civil Code, unfair terms are defined by the general clause. Also included is demonstrative enumeration...

An objective of clinical legal education (CLE) is to stimulate students to take the active part in the learning process to develop legal skills that will be of great aim once they complete the law school and start to work in the practice. The CLE offer students the unique way of learning about the law by analysing the law in a real-life context. With the help of the CLE the students learn that some members of the society do not have equal opportunity to access the justice to protect their subjective right which gi...

It seems that over the years in the Italian legal system, the legislator has never provided a clear legal concept of the environment that can be taken as a safe point of reference. Indeed, the environment is defined differently in different laws - sometimes indirectly or per relationem - and this creates considerable difficulty of interpretation. Particularly since the mid-seventies in Italy there has been a significant increase in legislation protecting the essential elements of the biosphere (water, air and soil...

In recent years, the examination of the management models of companies has seen the emergence of more and more, but still not enough, choices of governance oriented, and then conditioned by, to corporate social responsibility which is that strategic vision of the company that includes in its economic objectives, not only the relationships with all its stakeholders, but supports them with social objectives, which then turn into values - measurable - for the same company. This choice is influenced by the national an...

The economic and political instability in many countries, the growth of unemployment, the decline in social security and the intensification of migration processes have formed trends in the spread of kidnapping, human trafficking, the use of their slave labor and other crimes aimed at personal freedom. The organized, international and transnational nature of these crimes, as well as their spread in many states, predetermined the need for cooperation between law enforcement agencies of various countries in the fiel...

In the last decade, the research of a scientific text from the perspective of communicative function has become a focal point of linguistics. Great attention is paid both to the analysis of the text formation mechanism and to the principles and legitimacy of the creation of specific scientific text genres. Unfortunately, there are still few studies in Latvia dedicated to the structural and semantic analysis of various scientific texts. Therefore, the current study focuses on linguists' reviews of doctoral theses a...

In the modern literary science, the issues connected with Soviet regime (censorship, interaction between ideology and literature, translation policy etc.) and its impact on public awareness and national culture are of great scientific importance. The present study examines and in the comparative perspective evaluates peculiarities of literary translation in oppressive socio-political circumstances experienced by Latvia during the Soviet occupation (1940-1941; 1944/45-1990/91). The focus is on John SteinbeckВ’s nov...

In the last decades linguocultural sciences, cognitive linguistics (concept), anthropocentric paradigm, such young branches of linguistics has led to the identification of ethnos and national culture by language. The role and place of the "woman-mother" in the fate of modern Kazakh language, as well as in the past, is very important. However, in the national outlook of the Kazakh people, the image of a woman in the Kazakh culture was not fully resolved. In this connection, it is important to prove that the concept...

The tendency to increase the volume of Bank transactions and losses from theft committed using electronic means of payment indicates the need to ensure the security of non-cash transactions. The article presents the basics of the modern concept of fraud prevention using electronic means of payment, formulated on the basis of studying the experience of foreign countries, current trends, and prospects in the field of non-cash Bank transfers. For the purpose of writing the article, the authors used foreign and Russia...

Known for his tragedies, the 18th century Italian writer, Count Vittorio Alfieri, was influenced and partly conditioned by Aristotle’s Poetics and by the literary opinions of his age. However, his fidelity to the ancient form of the tragedy did not hinder the introduction of a new type of conflict that would appeal to his contemporaries and to the future generations, namely that between a tyrant and what he called “a hero of freedom”. Despite belonging to high nobility, Alfieri was fiercely attracted by the E...

Accession of Bulgaria to the EU in 2007 was followed by a radical transformation in government and social policies towards people with disabilities. The dominant medical model, in which the disabled are perceived as passive users of financial resources, has been displaced by activating the processes of social inclusion of people with deficits, including by creating conditions for their professional realization. The legal status of the disabled is regulated by changes in legislation aimed at overcoming social isola...

The system of dialects of the Latvian language has developed under the influence of various extra-linguistic factors: in the parishes subordinated to the manors, the territorial restriction and the lack of mutual contacts led also to linguistic isolation and consequently to the development of different sub-dialects. It has been largely conditioned by economic and political circumstances. The sociolinguisti ay be I will be given the link just tomorrow in the morningc situation of LatviaВ’s south-eastern sub-dialect...

The purpose of the research is analyzing models of epistolary narrative used in contemporary women's life writing on the example of texts by Latvian writer Margita Gutmane, Romanian author Irina Grigorescu Pana, and Canadian prose fiction writer Alice Munro. Methodology of the research is comparative analysis of narrative elements used in auto/biographical texts. The elements of the epistolary genre – letter, diary, personal notes, etc. – are used with the aim of creating the effect of authenticity and enhanci...

The paper discusses the use of idioms in British newspapers focusing particularly on the substitution of components aimed at producing context-specific idiomatic meaning. An idiom is a relatively stable (both grammatically and semantically), cohesive, conventionally fixed string of words with completely or partially figurative meaning, which is not a combination of a verb and an adverbial or prepositional particle and which is not longer than a sentence [1]. An idiom is a relatively stable unit of language because...

Italy has been particularly affected by the Covid-19 epidemic. There have been, and continue to be, many deaths, raising the problem of contagion management within the workplace and new corporate organisational practices to be adopted to minimise the risk of contagion. From the criminal point of view, for some years now, legal entities - including, of course, companies, have also been liable for the death or serious or very serious injuries of its workers, in violation of the regulations on their health and safety...

In connection with the spread of COVID-19 and the consequences it caused, the Slovak Republic has adopted several laws in various legal areas. One of them is the law, which has significantly affected the basic institutes of civil law. As the most important consequence can be considered the interference with the running of time limits, both substantive and procedural ones. In the case of substantive time limits (both standard limitation periods and extinctive limitation periods), a temporary suspension of these tim...

The article discusses intonation tools that perform the function of influencing the public speech of a political leader on the audience. In the given article author examines functions of intonation, and considers different approaches to the problem of intonation in Russian, Kazakh, British and American linguistic schools. Different positions are noted in resolving the issue of the language status of certain functions. Sociolinguistic and intonation aspects of analysis used to have very significant differences in t...

The future in jurisprudence, including crime prevention and control, is increasingly marked by the development and use of new technologies. Among the before-mentioned developments, quite essential perspectives are attributed to large data systems and artificial intelligence (AI). The use of artificial intelligence in crime control comprises organizational, technological and legal aspects.Artificial intelligence possesses selfdevelopment capacities whose evolutionary trend might be difficult to prognose and, probab...

The State is the main subject of public international law and the main actor on the international scene. The role of states in the development of international relations has evolved over time, starting with the classical manifestation of state sovereignty and reaching to this day when the role of individually viewed states has gradually yielded ground to international organizations such as the European Union or the United Nations. This is due to the fact that, in line with the new global challenges, states singula...

The Aztecs are among the most prominent, most developed and even the most explored pre-Hispanic (prior to the Spanish 16th century colonization of the Americas existing) cultures of Mesoamerica, a culture-historical area comprising Central and Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and certain parts of other Central American states except for Panama. In a broader sense, Aztecs can be identified with Nahuas, who dominated the relatively independent region of Mesoamerica called Central Mexico (the Mexican Valley and its...

The internationality of family relationships can be determined by one or both of the following factors: the presence of members of different nationalities in the couple or the location of assets and real estate belonging to the couple in States other than the one in which the couple resides. Couples are international if the two parties have different nationalities, live apart in different countries and/or live together in a country other than their home country. After the UKВ’s decision to leave the European Union...

The EU Regulation 2016/1004, entered into force on 29th January 2019, regulates the property consequences of cross-border couples in registered partnerships and recognizes to the partners the same rights of married couples. Registered partnerships initially originated often for the legal recognition of same-sex couples, as the European Court of Human Rights required countries to ensure them specific rights, but not necessarily to recognize same-sex marriage. As a result, nowadays we have a complex taxonomy of lega...

In the Romanian legal system, labor law, as a branch of law, consists of the individual right of labor law, which refers to the individual labor relations of the employees with their employers and the collective labor law, which refers to the collective working relations, respectively the legal regime of trade unions, patronage, collective bargaining and strike. The main laws governing the two sides of labor law are Law no. 53/2003 (Labor Code) and Law no. 62/2011 (Law on Social Dialogue). Year 2011 was very impor...

The recent sentence of the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation on the well-known case of Massimo Giuseppe Bossetti, in which thousands and thousands of genetic profiles were analysed, offers an occasion for a number of observations on the subject: on the one hand, on the genetic proof and its value in the Italian criminal process and, on the other hand, on the role of the DNA database which in Italy, in contrast to other European situations, as yet contains few profiles. In fact, even if active since 2017, it only ...

The article is devoted to current problems of the legal regime of protection zones of land of communications in Ukraine. Land of communications is part of the lands of industry, transportation, communications, power supply, defense and for other purposes, as one of the nine categories, in which all lands of Ukraine are divided depending on their intended purpose. According to Article 75 of the Land Code of Ukraine, land of communications are used for construction of aerial and cable telephone and telegraph lines a...

In the Czech Republic, regulation of non-proprietary damage is being dealt with by both labour and civil law. Compensation of non-proprietary damage involving work injury is being dealt with in the Labour Code. It is conditioned by such fact that work damage was caused when fulfilling the working tasks or caused in direct connection with it. In case the non-proprietary damage would occur outside the working tasks fulfilment then compensation would be solved by the Civil Code. However, as for the rules considering ...

Growing interest of subjects to be involved in electronic information network raises the necessity for a series of procedural measures. The main role in this issue is dedicated to the growth of information types existing in electronic format and its legal aspects which need to establish a stable normative regulation. These problems in their turn create a question on the evidence value of information existing in electronic form. The question is particularly important in the cases when communication between the part...