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People strongly prefer options with exact probabilities of outcomes to those with uncertain probabilities, expressing ambiguity aversion. Its manifestations are reflected in various domains of real-life decisions, particularly among monetary choices. Recent research suggests amplification of ambiguity avoidance under social influence, however with several methodological limitations. Therefore, we tested the effects of accountability and responsibility on aversion towards ambiguity in two between-subject experiment...

The first part of the article reviews researches conducted at psychiatric hospital Kromeriz at the department for neurotics in the first psychotherapy community for persons with neurosis in Czech Republic. Therapists of two departments of this hospital conducted dramatherapy sessions and followed these researches by their own study focused on evaluation of dramatherapy process. The article presents the results of the investigation of validity of the evaluation rating used in this hospital during dramatherapy sessi...

Lie detection through nonverbal behavior is not a standard m ethod, but it is intuitive process, applied by lay persons and professionals. In our research we are interested in the ability of different professional groups to detect lie this way. As a part of this research we also follow certain characteristics that m ight differentiate between more and less successful persons. We focus on different cues they follow in their decision making process and certain stereotypes they might use during their decision. In ano...

The article address research focused on differences of the social support extent, which is considered a protective factor dependent on the scope of cyberbullying in adolescent groups. In particular, it concerns the social support provided by parents, friends, schoolmates, and teachers. The research has been realized in year 2014 on the sample consisting of 200 adolescent students of Slovak universities (68 man 132 women) by means of the Questionnaire of social support for children and adolescents (2002). The quest...

The main aim of this article is to aquaint the readers with the history of women in Wladyslaw Heinrich’s laboratory of experimental psychology at the Jagiellonian University. I will present historical background and women education and their activity at the Jagiellonian University and I and also a bried description of the founder of the Laboratory, Wladyslaw Heinrich. In the end of the XIX century Galician universities started to solve a problem of the higher education for women. After several years of researches ...

Cognitive impairment and dementia are the problems of great importance in neurology, psychology, neuropsychology, psychiatry and clinical linguistics. Causes for cognitive impairment and dementia are various: Alzheimer’s disease, vascular diseases (Binswanger’s disease, CADASIL – Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy, etc.), dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal degeneration, Huntingtons disease, Creutzfeldt’s – Jakob’s disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes,...

In this paper we discuss the relationship of motivation and faculty members’ willingness to innovate. Our main contention is that willingness to innovate determined by the type of employee motivation. Each type of motivation corresponds to a type of willingness to innovate.

The purpose of this study is to accentuate the problems of describing pain by neurological bilingual patients according to the McGill Pain Questionnaire, which is used all over the world to measure and evaluate pain in neurology, anesthetics and clinical linguistic studies, to prove the necessity to translate, create and validate other questionnaires which could help to reveal the origin of pain. Our article also contains additional descriptions of pain that are not connected with the MPQ or other questionnaires, ...

Background: The health care sector is a major employer. Great attention will be paid to health care professionals as a result of the increasing demand for health care due to an aging population. The nursing profession forms the majority amongst medical staff. It is a profession involving both physical and mental demands. The research focuses on the rate of burnout syndrome, motivation factors of Herzberg’s two-factor motivation theory and their mutual relationship amongst general nurses working at the General Univ...

TSKBM vigilance control system is designed to maintain locomotive drivers wakeful during work shift. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of this system by simulating work conditions at night. The simulation was performed on 30 participant train drivers in a specialized training complex "Drivers compartment of EP1M locomotive”, which allowed to register operation errors; continuous video recording and electroencephalography were used as additional control. At the end of a simulated trip, participan...

The aim of study was to find predictors of psychological critical thinking in university students. We have hypothesed that the main factors which could predict the level of critical psychological thinking will be cognitive competence, scientific thinking, learning approach, and academic achievement. As methods of data gathering were used the self-referencing techniques (Lawson’s test of psychological critical thinking, Magno’s scientific thinking inventory, Approaches to Studying Inventory developed by Tait, Entwi...

The aim of this paper was to describe the possible relationships between internet addictive behaviour, daily time of using the social networks and some variables about users (age, sense of real time, self-confidence in virtual environment and boredom susceptibility). The sample, comprising 306 slovak university students (102 males, 204 females), was divided into three age-groups (18-20 years, 21-23 years, 24 and more). The respondents were administered the questionnaire, consists of 20-item Internet Addiction Test...

The paper describes selected results of a longitudinal research study focusing on the changes in the attitudes of the students of the Faculty of Education, Palacky University, Olomouc (referred to as FE PU) to a wider educational reality. The research study was performed on a sample of 809 respondents. The respondents were students of the same fields of study in two consecutive stages in 2006/2007 (grade 1) and 2009/2010/2011/2012 (final grades). The aim of the first research stage was, using a simplified standard...

The article deals with problems of urban and rural population standards of living in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). This study aims at research of level of the general satisfaction by standards of living and exposure of the sphere of activity, defiant discomfort of urban people and villagers. The study used the following methods: questionnaire study of the quality of life of urban and rural population (K.E. Steinbach, Zhirkov O.G.), the method of "assessment of the level of satisfaction with quality of life" of N.E...

This article presents the results of the study of the ethnic identity as a component of the social identity of the Russian and Armenian school students. The study found that the majority of the teenagers of both nationalities have their ethnic identity formed, while in both samples the positive identity dominates, there is an ethnic indifference also. In comparison with the Armenian teenagers the Russian teenagers are characteristical to have a more positive attitude towards their own ethnic identity and readiness...

The article discusses the phenomenon of discrimination based on appearance. Theoretical and experimental work of Russian and foreign researchers devoted to such varieties of discrimination as: lookism, ageism, discrimination based on weight (fat / slim) (weightism), discrimination on the rise (highism) and others, most of them comes from mass media. Provides empirical evidence for studying various aspects of discrimination in appearance. Analyzed interview of 170 women in two age groups: conventionally called "you...

This paper describes the use of a factor analysis to verify the factor structure of the semantic differential for measuring university students’ attitudes in various sociocultural environments. Specifically, the study focuses on the attitudes of students from Palacky University, Olomouc and students from the University of Rzeszow towards concepts related to their pre-graduate teacher training. The semantic differential method is a relatively frequent method used to measure attitudes in the Czech Republic and abroa...

This study aimed to investigate the way Psychology students (N = 161) are constructing and modifying a mental model regarding the Neuropsychology course. Following previous studies (Albrecht and O’Brien, 1993; Radvansky, Spieler & Zacks, 1993; Slama-Cazacu, 2002), we elaborated a questionnaire comprising a set of mental dimensions necessary for information processing (memory, emotion processing, motivation, temperament, character, context processing). For assessing their mental model, subjects were asked to answer...

In this study, we tried to determine the value of the ethno-cultural norms in socio-cultural and psychological adaptation of forced migrants. Hypothesis of the study is that the preservation of ethno-cultural norms in situations of forced migration contributes to the ethno-psychological well-being of migrants.

Background: The family is the primary scene of socialization therefore it determines the child’s development substantially. The style of the parents’ child rearing is one factor in the development process. This study examines three types of parenting styles: the dimension of support and affection, the dimension of restrictive control, and the dimension of overprotection. The child’s emotional and behavioral features relate strongly to the use of these strategies. The presence of rituals in the life of the family h...

The objective of this work is to contribute to validation studies of the Team Trust Questionnaire in a call centre environment. According to Costa and Anderson [1] trust can be understood as a collective phenomenon, and at a team level can be conceptualized as “a latent construct based on the individual’s own propensity to trust others on the perceived trustworthiness of the other team members” (p. 5). Eighteen hundred employees in a call centre service provider in Portugal answered the Questionnaire (32.1% male; ...

This paper presents the findings of an experiment conducted in an innovative way through the use of the most popular social network: Facebook. Exploiting the system of “like” and “share”, on which this online platform is based, thousands of artwork images were submitted to a sample of over 10,000 users worldwide. Through the metrics analysis related to the aesthetic choices expressed by the users, it was observed that viewers are inclined to react in the same way towards certain visual stimuli coming from the artw...

As a fundamental part of personality, behavior represents the modality of acting and reacting in certain circumstances or situations. Specialty literature describes three types of behavior: aggressive, assertive and nonassertive ones. The purpose of this paper is to construct the assertive behavior profile in performance sports, but also to highlight the behavioral differences, depending on the type of sport practiced by the subjects of our study (individual sports, team sports and combat sports). In order to achi...

The aim of our research. The article deals with the phenomenon of evaluation of ethno-cultural types of facial appearance from a position of the psychology of social knowledge, categorization of which is carried to a greater extent, on the basis of ordinary designations ("Caucasian facial appearance", "Slavic facial appearance", "Asian facial appearance"). These designations types of facial appearance penetrate into various spheres of life and are one of reasons of discrimination against members of ethno-cultural ...

Becoming-a-person processes have been the issue of a heated discussion in modern Russian psychology for recent years. Two major theories existing on the issue are the concept of personalization (V.A. Petrowsky, 1981) and the concept of personification (A.B. Orlov, 1995). Both theories regard personalization process as the realization of an individual’s need to be a person (to become a personality); but the personification concept considers an alternative personification process, regarded to realize the need of an ...

There have been some researches and scientific publications on professional burnout for different professions in Latvia, but for special education teachers are just studies based on another countries experience, who cannot give a precise overview on the Latvian special teacher professional burnout level. The aim of the Research is to identify professional burnout, find out the level of professional burnout, special educators, and to find out whether there are differences in the level of burnout for special teacher...

The purpose of this research is to deepen previous studies of the psychometric properties of the Organizational Recognition of the Contributive Uniqueness Questionnaire (ORCUQ) [1], through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with a larger sample than that previously used. Contributive uniqueness is the unique contribution of each individual to the team’s functioning when working cooperatively. The uniqueness of individuals seems to be, on one hand, an individual need, and on the other hand a characteristic which c...