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After the fall of communism, in Romania, as in other Central and East European countries, there have been major social and economic changes that were reflected in the way citizens take part in the political life. Women’s involvement in politics is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon which follows very contradictory and sinuous trends: starting from a high rate of female participation in the political life during the communism (only as representatives, but not as decision-makers), to an abrupt drop in the 199...

Since the 2008 global financial crisis, there has been a wave of sovereign debt defaults and restructurings in different countries around the Globe. More than 10 countries have defaulted and restructured their sovereign debt with private creditors, including Greece, which in 2012 had the largest sovereign debt restructuring in history; also Argentina defaulted in 2014 and reached a settlement with creditors in April 2016. General Assembly of the United Nations adopted resolution “Towards the establishment of a mul...

The goal of the article is to examine and classify fundamental and specific factors of Russian spatial development in the context of increasing efficiency of the state spatial policy. The article gives a comparative analysis and a classification of urbanization processes in the Russian resource regions, points out the factors of urbanization, positive and negative effects of this process. The influence of urbanization processes on inter-regional social-economic asymmetry of regions was investigated by the example ...

It's generally known, that financial security plays one of the key roles in the system of the state control and economic security. At the same time, it affects the majority of elements of economic security. Because of the lack of funding for some economic areas, damaging not only the economic but also the national security as a whole. Financial security - a concept capacious and complex, it includes many measures and techniques, as well as the means to protect the economic interests of the state. This article is d...

Tax policy is one of the main instruments of economic policy of any state. It is realized through the establishment of goals, objectives and specific quantitative parameters of revenues and the country's budget. Condition of public finance has a significant impact on the real economy. So, the choice and justification of the measures, decisions and actions in the area of tax policy, directed on realization of conceptual ideas within the existing Russian economic policy is one of its key contents. The article is ded...

In modern conditions of economic globalization and technological intensification, the international interaction reaches beyond the trade cooperation. Nowadays the competitiveness of countries is determined by their place in the international division of labor and the involvement into global value chains. Value chains could be defined as steady groups of companies formed by combining complementary and cooperative activities to create a product and bring it to consumers. Different types of networks have different st...

The innovativeness in a company is part of its intellectual capital and the latter is proxied and measured by the underlying company’s intangible assets. The concept “intellectual capital” contains all the knowledge and experience a company’s employees have, the information and the intellectual property that are combined and create wealth for that company and can be proxied by the value of a company’s intangible assets. After the 1990s the issue of intellectual property has been the focus not only of the researche...

The concern for the subject treated in this paper came from the perceptions generated by the impressive sequence of events on the international scene in which the speed, the diversity, the agglomeration and seriousness of events make not only the specialists in foreign policy and international relations analysis wonder which are the answers, how are the macro and micro decisions in international politics made, who are the actors and how do they react to such situations that affect our daily lives. We are witnessin...

Family law disputes which directly or indirectly involve children necessitate thinking of the best way to protect children whose parents are in dispute. Namely, in judicial proceedings parents are often opposing parties and this leads to deepening of conflicts in the relationship and growing apart of the parties involved in family law matters. Such development of the situation usually affects children the most and they are often in the centre of their parents’ conflicts and therefore they become a “weapon” in lega...

Flexible working time is becoming a tool of linking paid work to family obligations and/or willingness to persuade private interests while retaining full time job. Work – life balance concept is getting more attention world wide of workers, employers and legislators. Flexible working time is also becoming a tool for employers to organize work in non-traditional working schedule and to achieve the best results in working environments which have to adjust to foreign time zones or various external variables. Having i...

The article is dedicated to the analysis of an appearing progress in establishing peace between the government of Colombia and an insurgent group called FARC. The recent events allowed one of the most long-lasting active conflicts to arrive much closer to its' end that the whole international community has been waiting for. With the participation of both Latin American neighbors and countries from outside of the region, Colombian officials and freedom fighters could finally shake hands, seize fire and start develo...

The events of the recent years, that have taken place in the countries of North Africa and Middle East ("Arab spring"), update the safety issues of regional and global unions’ activity, in particular the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Therefore, the problems of nuclear safety, along with fighting terrorism, extremism and drug traffic are of first-rate importance at the annual summits of SCO, what is reflected in the documentary and legal base of the organization. Besides, various mechanisms of SCO are be...

The concept of “hybrid” (from lat. «hibrida» - admixture), which is very common in botany and zoology, is difficult to refer to the international law. In the conventional sense it means an organism or an organule that originates as a result of breeding of genetically different forms. But nevertheless this definition stably settled in political sciences to determine one of the society conditions – a warfare that may have a hybrid character which means using military and non-military tools in an integrated campaign ...

Background: Inventories are one of the most important assets. Their excess in an enterprise generates unnecessary costs but also has a positive impact on the safety of the company functioning as it improves its liquidity. In turn, the low level of stocks can reduce costs in an enterprise, but can lead to downtime in production or sales. Managers are looking for methods and strategies that will lead to optimal inventory levels and reduction of management costs. To reduce costs businesses often create purchasing org...

The goal of this paper is to describe and analyze the ‘Brexit’ and its potential impact on the United Kingdom and the European Union. Any discussion of a Brexit should be set against the backdrop of an increasingly convulsive European landscape. The merits and shortcomings of the European Union should be judged not in isolation, but through the lens of their implications upon a broader postwar European order that Britain has helped to build and sustain for nearly seven decades. US strategic retrenchment, Germany's...

The current arguments based on the alleged “unusual size structure” of the Czech agriculture resulted in regulation by Act No. 395/2009 Coll., on Significant Market Power in the Sale of Agricultural and Food Products and the Abuse thereof and Act No. 50/2016 Coll., amending the Act No. 395/2009 Coll. which was issued on 13 January 2016. The article focuses on the research – when and under what circumstances concentrated economic structure of the Czech agriculture was created. It is the purpose of this article to s...

This article is devoted to the actual problem of transformation of foreign policy strategy of China in Eastern Asia during the last years. The main aspect of Chinese policy in the region are domination of economic approaches and practical embodiment of “soft power” concept. China seeks to transfer reviews about problematic points in economical interaction with the region`s countries and decisions about territorial disputes from the multilateral level to bilateral level, furthermore actively counteract to the polic...

One of the key instruments for improving tax administration in the Russian Federation is a new setting of the tax system in 2017-2018 years. First of all, innovations relate to the VAT system. In particular, will need further study questions of expediency and needs to increase the basic rate of tax, the abolition of preferential rates. To achieve a balance in the tax relations will be reduced the tax burden for businesses of Direct Taxes. To harmonize the taxation of individuals, need to develop methodical bases o...

The paper aims to investigate the impact of chosen fund attributes, industry and country characteristics in the given group of high- and middle-income economies from EU on excess return of open-end equity funds domiciled in these countries by means of a panel regression with fixed effects for the time span from January 2000 to December 2016 and to perform subsequently international comparison of the obtained results with existing evidence from other regions or groups of advanced and emerging economies of the world.

The Gypsies are one of the most controversial ethnic groups. Periodically the actions of Gypsies (including their individual representatives) cause such violent surges of discontent that can be settled only by law enforcement authorities. For example, in August 2016 in Ukrainian village of Loschinovka there were pogroms of houses inhabited by Gypsy families, in response to the murder of a local girl by a Gypsy; in March 2016, in Tula village of Plekhanovo enforcement authorities were engaged in connection with the...

Today information technologies provide good opportunities for computerization in the financial sector for financial services and individual investment. The majority of Russians look at investment process as very difficult and risky, therefore preferring to deposit their money. To support this argument, the growth of the individual deposits for the period from 01.01.2012 to 01.01.2016, grew by 98% [1]. On the contrary, the number of private investors in the Russian stock market is less than one percent of the count...

Europe has long been a popular destination in global migration waves, the Mediterranean operating as the main route for African or Middle East migrants. This is maybe one of the oldest routes of connection in human history, going back to the Iron Age and the empires of Antiquity. At the very moment, 7 million people are displaced in Syria and in Afghanistan, 4 million refugees are in Jordan, Turkey and Lebanon and many more are about to come to Europe. Immigrants often have a positive impact on their host society,...

This article aims to explore the possibility of the administration of third party property by another person and not by the owner of the property. The topic is addressed to natural persons and it is governed by rules of civil law, and not commercial law. The legislation lays down the general principles of such administration, the types, the liability and obligations of the administrator (manager). So, the analysis starts with the Romanian Civil Code, which does not define the administration of third party property...

One of the burning issues in identifying the financial status of an industrial enterprise is a well-balanced system of financial indicators. Existing methods of financial assessment are similar in comprising the following indicators: current liquidity ratio; profitability ratio; indicators of financial sustainability and financial results: receivables and payables; limiting constraints. The specifics of extractive industry companies dictate the need to consider dependence of financial indicators on investments in ...

The paper is devoted to a geopolitical and geo-economic interest of China in the Arctic Region, as one of the main trends in the modern Chinese foreign policy is transformation of political and economic grounds of today’s world order. The presented research is targeted at finding and revealing causes of the given trend. The main methods of research for this trend are observation, review and classification of articles on this problem, statistical data analysis, methods of generalization and forecasting. The paper r...

The objective of this paper is to show Milton's republican vision and the purpose for which republican system was to serve. According to John Milton the Christian alternative to monarchy was to be a free Commonwealth; no other system could free people from the state of slavery in which they were supposed to live, neither could it better secure their freedoms. The republican vision of political order was most precisely delineated in his treaty “The Readie and Easie Way to Establish a Free Commonwealth” (1660). Milt...

In the article potential possibilities and real successes of Russia in the mastery of the Arctic, first of all in the energy direction, are examined. Structural components of the article are the role of Russia in the mastery of the Arctic; the basic directions of international collaboration, in which Russia is interested under the conditions of geopolitical instability in the XXI century. In the light of numerous economic and political risks the author stimulates attention in the eastern foreshortening of the Arct...

The article substantiates the topicality of theoretical basics and methodological fundamentals development for the monitoring system for economic and investment security of the Arctic regions in the Russian Federation. The need to modernize the state strategic management of the Arctic Zone regions in the Russian Federation arises due to the emergence of internal and external threats. Timely evaluation and prevention of crises on the territory of the whole Arctic Zone and specifically in the Arctic regions of the R...

Over the past twenty-thirty years, innovations have received increasing attention. The complication and fast progress of the current innovation-driven economy requires national governments to develop new directions for innovation governance. Global trend demonstrates that developing nations are no longer lagging in their efforts to improve innovation performance, but have become leaders. The aim of this paper is to provide an integrative framework for the comprehensive understanding of the innovation governance in...

The Sections 85 and 368 of the Criminal Procedure Law of the Republic of Latvia [3] prescribes only several cases when a person can be exempted from payment for defence provided by the state in criminal procedure. Sometimes the defendant refuses from a defender by the moment he gets to know that by the process termination, he will be recovered a payment for the defence provided him by the state. For instance, a refusal from an advocate during the agreement process mainly occurs with an aim to exempt a particular p...

One of the greatest challenges at the current stage of Russian regions development is the transformation in the structure of production markets demand and supply. On the one hand, technological innovations caused by changing consumer’s needs affect the demand and supply equation parameters in the production and resource markets. On the other hand, imposing of international economic sanctions against Russia has stimulated shifts in both the demand for competitive domestic products and the supply of domestic goods a...

Studying of socio-pedagogical and psychological issues of foreign students adaptation in Russian higher education institutions allows to determine the contradictions between: the demand of organization of educational support in first year of training that effectively promotes social adaptation and immaturity of these issues in higher school pedagogics; the demand of Russian higher education system in theoretical developments on issues of social adaptation of foreign students and the lack of educational background;...

The article presents the methodological aspects of control and analytical functions in the internal accounting system. Attention is focused on the problems of the organization of an effective system of financial accounting. The essence ofthe main approachesto the organization ofthe internal control systemis to determine theset ofregulatoryprocedures to ensurethe reliability ofaccounting data, thereforeimproving the quality ofinformation,tax recordsare of particularimportancein decidingthe users concerned. Discusse...

The article discusses the features of the economic category of "workplace", which have a direct influence on the choice of the performance criterion in estimating the amount of highly productive jobs in Russia.

The article deals with a current phenomenon that grows up in (not only) European politics and society today. The subject of my investigation, rise of the nationalist populism, is analysed in relation to the increase of the social poverty and (reconstructed) media picture of the migrant crisis. In the following text, the both causes (poverty and media) of the populism are linked with the neoliberal political ideology that is hegemonic nowadays. The analysis is primarily focused on examples from the Czech Republic b...

The sales comparison approach (SCA) usually represents the most important valuation approach. Besides this approach, there are two other performing valuation approaches at other bases. The sales comparison is a set of procedures, in which an appraiser derives a value indication by comparing the property being appraised to similar properties. Real properties vary considerably from one another, which is reflected by price-setting factors. Although price adjustments (caused by differences projected into price by the ...

In the article the historical periods of accession and development by the Russian State of outlying lands of North-East Asia, administrative and territorial structure and social and economic parameters of the North-East of Russia as a major macroregion are shown. Its social and economic development during the Soviet era (1917-1990) and in the post-Soviet period (2013-1991) are considered more detailed. Regional characteristics that significantly affect the formation of the structure, efficiency and growth in the e...

In the modern economic conditions companies are forced to reconsider their approaches to management of financial, economic and business processes in manufacturing. This fact is due to high speed of transformation of the environment under the influence of disturbing factors generated by the globalization of the economy, the rise of transnational corporations, accelerated flow of information and other influences. In this case, it is necessary to develop a toolkit, which would allow to adjust the management in view o...

This article discusses the concentrations in Republic of Macedonia in the 2014 and 2015 with regard to the developments in concentrations. The discussion is primarily focused in the legislative framework of the developments as well as in the relevant case law during the time period 2014-2015. This paper reviews the meaning and ways of creating concentrations and gives concrete examples of the practice in Republic of Macedonia. Further on, this paper continues with the various types of concentrations. Concentration...

According to a study conducted by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Consumer Protection in 2009, approximately 20.5 % of the population, or about 1.7 million people, were permanently ill but their daily workflows are not affected by their condition. Approximately one million people have health restrictions on their personal physical movement. This amounts to about 13 % of the Austrian population. 318,000 people have visual impairment, 218,000 have some level of hearing loss, and 205,000 s...

The aim of revitalization is to bring permanent economic recovery into a degraded areas. Revitalization processes are of special nature, due to their complex character, combining different aspects of urban policy, as well as due to the unpredictability of time and finance determinants. It is this unpredictability which forces the need to secure long term funding for these processes. The International Specialized EXPO 2022 is expected to address the problems of revitalization. The only European city that has submit...

The article describes the main results of interdisciplinary studies on the development of a methodological approach to monitoring of migration flows in the regions of Siberia and the Arctic zone taking into account current and projected profession composition of settlements, the threshold characteristics of human behavior and institutional mechanisms that ensure the inclusion of monitoring (based on new methodology) in quality of life management system and development of a differentiated spatial policy of the coun...

This study deals with the concept of social tension and it potential in conflict diagnosis. There are two parts in the study. The first one describes the concept of social tension. The second one presents methodology of applied study of this phenomenon and results of representative survey which was conducted in 2015 in Saint-Petersburg. The notion of the social tension is quite often seen in connection with conflicts. Different elements of the concept of social tension are considered in the works of T. Parsons, M....

According to our researches, the relationship between illegal migration and the terrorism should be emphasized. The attitude of the European legislators was changed by the terrorist offences were committed in the territory of the European Union in the past few years. Terrorist offences proved the vulnerability of the European States, and the rule of democratic law. In 2014, 276.113 migrants entered the European Union irregularly, which represents an increase of 138% compared to the same period in 2013. It should b...

Creating and maintaining a strong investment climate in the economy is the important initial precondition for solving problems to ensure economic growth and competitiveness of the country in terms of its integration into the world economy. Despite the fact that the Russian market has the potential to become attractive for foreign investors, it is characterized by unpredictability, which prevents the flow of foreign investments into the country. Our retrospective analysis showed that the formation of a positive inv...

This paper analyzes a political phenomenon as a process of sequential information exchange which connects all groups of individuals in a dynamic system in space and time. The symbolic essence of information exchange assumes paramount importance in relation to political communications because symbols, representing imperiously significant meanings in texts, constitute grounds for identifying political objects in human perception. It is approved that in political context information is modified, constructing social m...

The main objective of economically well-performing enterprises nowadays is to be competitive. Providing services through outsourcing is a strategic move not only in private sector but also in the public sector. Strategic outsourcing is the process of engaging the services of a provider to manage essential tasks that would otherwise be managed by in-house personnel. Outsourcing of business activities and services is one of many new trends in business development, reducing costs and increasing quality belong to most...

Cardiovascular diseases rank among chronic diseases that may have negative impact not only on the individual's economic activities but they may have radical impact also on the individual's common life and on its quality. The expenses on the therapy of heart and vessel diseases in the Czech Republic are paid predominantly from public health insurance and partially also in form of financial contribution of the citizens, consisting particularly in payment for medicines. This article, based on the implemented project ...

One of the crucial moments of today´s global acceleration is systematic changes of international relations and potential role of regional organizations in this interactive process. This should be an opportunity not only for small and medium states, whose positions in international relations are increasingly marginalized. Interconnection of states, in particular for the needs of self-assertion in international relations, should therefore be a logical step for promotion the interests of states in politics. This is t...

The fundamental challenge of the contemporary world is finding a proper model of transformation of the existing linear, unsustainable and irresponsible economy towards the circular economy harmonised with the needs of present and future generations. Financial institutions, due to their intermediary role, should have a particularly important role in the transition towards a more sustainable economy. In the last 30 years various ethical and alternative financial institutions have been founded in many countries aimed...