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The following article is a structural analysis of Telemann’s Advent and Christmas Cantatas from the Harmonischer Gottes-Dienst, 1725-6 and 1731-2 liturgical years. The solo sacred cantatas are investigated in their context of Lutheran Liturgy, evaluating Telemann’s cantata form, the vocal Fach, the instrumentation and the text, thus offering a guide to singer’s performance. The outcome is a better understanding of Telemann’s choice for vocal expression. These collections stand as great recipes for acquiring mental...

Topicality. There are many philosophical theories from Descartes to Lacan that constitutes the basis of the contemporary understanding the subjective identity. Aim: to reconstruct the link between well-known Deleuzian concept of human being and transindividual philosophy presented by Simondon and its philosophical context. Discussion: The historical and philosophical destiny of the ideas of Gilbert Simondon is perhaps one of the most visible examples of post-mortem growth of the influence of the philosophy of some...

At the beginning of the XVth Century Europe was stepping away of the sacred, humanism was sweeping through the continent, starting with the Florentines and Venetians. Thus far, art had been acceptable as made for the glory of God. It is said that, at that time, the most noble art was architecture and the most noble building was the church. By the coming of Rinascimento, sacral themes were slowly being preempted by the scientific approach with the human, God and nature existing in harmony and cohesion. Italian arti...

Visual space and music seem to be the components of the real space, which are separated, and don’t come together but interaction of the rules of vision and sound can bring interesting research effects. I am convinced that the basis of visual arts can be adopted on the ground of music and deepen our knowledge about music of that time. In fact, visual and architectural space is around the composer and the listener. Moreover, it is experienced during musical performance and has a great impact on it. Areas of vision a...

The article discusses the memorial mass tourism in modern Russia. It is noted that in recent years in Russia there has been an increase in the number of citizens traveling around the country. It is shown that the main content of domestic tourism was the preservation of the historical memory of the events of the Second World War. The main tourist sites are the monuments of military glory, memorials, places of battles, mass graves of soldiers and civilians. There are many new routes related to the patriotic themes. ...

This paper attempts to tackle a problem that intrinsically affects archaeological sites located outside the places where they are generally found and valued: on the one hand, historical centres -where they tend to form part of musealisation projects on an urban scale- and, on the other hand, rural or natural environments -where the sites, generally of a larger scale, constitute a benchmark in themselves in terms of both protection, research and visitor reception. However, our research focuses on those archaeologic...

The relationship between the emergence of linear perspective during the Renaissance and scientific cartography is well known. They both inaugurated and exhibited a new relationship to the world – a de-theologised world, which the human being was now able to measure and circumscribe. Linear perspective and cartography both enabled to frame the world in a window which we could from then onwards encompass, think, visualise, and view at a glance. “Framing” became the key operation of Renaissance art and science. The c...

The concept of the rhetoric of science remains open to debate, although it has been acknowledged as a research area and an academic discipline in the literature and by universities across the world. This article aims primarily to justify the treatment of the rhetoric of science as an independent research area, to place it in the historical context of the evolution of logic, rhetoric, and philosophy, and to demonstrate the relationship between the possibility of a rhetorical interpretation of science and its interp...

Contrary to the southern Europe the first signs of Renaissance in northern parts of the Holy Roman Empire as well as in Poland and Lithuania might be observed only at the beginning of the 16th century. Initially, they were created by Italian teams which came from Florence, Rome and the region of Como. One of the most recognizable marks of that process was the transfer of the Italian craftsmen and architectural solutions, e.g. the team of Bartolomeo Berreci from Florence who built the Sigmund’s Chapel in the capita...

The article draws attention to the social transformation in the fourteenth century and the beginning of the fifteenth century in Florence. During this time, the position of the guild gradually decreased, and the wealth and importance of patricians grew. The increase in the financial capacity of the townspeople has contributed to the rise of their ambitions. Some of them were aspiring to the role of aristocracy. The only barrier was their origin. Cosimo de 'Medici called ‘the Elder’ was a merchant, banker and human...

The scientific-educational approach, combining the educational point of view with the scientific criticism of the educational approach, was formed, oddly enough, in the study of alchemy, and views the latter as a stage in the development of chemistry. It is this approach which combined the ideas of the Enlightenment with natural science and its history and became the basis for the formation of a classical view of the Hermetic tradition. This approach is based on the reality of the object of alchemy, proving that i...

The author highlights some tragic aspects of the Russian diplomacy history after the October Revolution of 1917. The article provides an acute insight into the different periods in which the Soviet diplomatic service had to execute its foreign policy, but at the same time suffered severe losses due to Stalinist persecution. The attention is focused on four People’s Commissars for Foreign Affairs: Lev Trotsky, Georgy Chicherin, Maxim Litvinov and Viacheslav Molotov. Particular tragic was the life of Lev Trotsky, se...

The scientific-educational approach, combining the educational point of view with the scientific criticism of the educational approach, was formed, oddly enough, in the study of alchemy, and views the latter as a stage in the development of chemistry. It is this approach which combined the ideas of the Enlightenment with natural science and its history and became the basis for the formation of a classical view of the Hermetic tradition. This approach is based on the reality of the object of alchemy, proving that i...

In history of architecture and urban planning, there are examples of theoretical projects that had much higher impact on history of building construction art than actual buildings realized by authors of such theoretical projects. During 10th Architecture Biennale in Venice, in 2006, Italian architects presented an original concept of city VEMA, located near Verona and Mantua, positioned on a cross axis along Lisbon–Kiev and Berlin–Palermo line. The model of the ideal city that has crystalized in theoretical archit...

In the Roman Empire, roads were built for trade communications: one of the branches, which took over the Alps, was called Via Sucinaria Romana and it reached the south-east coast of the Baltic Sea, where the Balts’ tribes lived. In the 13th century, German knights subjugated the areas populated by the Balts’ and founded regular planned cities, borrowing urban planning skills from Romans. On March 5, 1562, during the Livonian War the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (Latin: Ducatus Curlandiae et Semigallia; 1562–17...

The article compares the buildings of historical campuses of four technical universities located in areas related to Polish culture. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, several new technical universities were established in Central and Eastern Europe. In 1844, the Technical Academy was opened in Lviv. In 1899, the Russian who were occupying the east and central part of Poland established the Polytechnic Institute in Warsaw. Soon after two technical universities were established in the eastern part of Pruss...

The history of food consumption offers a wide range of thematic and disciplinary facets, lending itself to approaches in economic and environmental, scientific and technical, social and religious history. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the history of a typical product in a Southern Italian Region, Puglia, to allow us to show the relationship between agriculture, local alimentary tradition, agro-food industry and governmental policies. The idea is to bring out, through the history of a local product, the i...

This research aims to mirror how the Renaissance musical life was manifested in Brasov-B?rsa Land, a specific area of Transylvania that has demonstrated its European vocation, from the old to the present day. Although Brasov and B?rsa Land didn`t play a major role during the Renaissance, the importance and the increasing amplitude gained by music leads to the development of certain music schools, centres, of special significance in the history of Transylvanian artistic culture. In Brasov, during the Principality o...

Alchemy is oriented towards ‘tradition’, and the latter can be understood very widely, including myths, superstitions, legends, parables. Any tradition at a certain level of development, in order to take the next step, turns to the study of itself, realizing the reflection of its sources, bases, concepts and methods. This approach is denoted by the word ‘traditional’. For the present study this group of materials, on the one hand, acts as sources, on the other hand, as research, that is, the study of esoteric teac...

Between 1697 and 1708, Prince Giovanni Gastone de’ Medici (or Gian Gastone) and Anna Maria Francesca of Saxe-Lauenburg, his consort, resided in Bohemia in the hopes of conceiving a child and perpetuating the Medici dynasty. Despite the ultimate failure to produce an heir and Gian Gastone’s return to Tuscany alone, his Bohemian stay was nevertheless of great cultural, political, and diplomatic importance. The study will analyze the impact of the stereotypes on the theme of Gian Gastone in Bohemia. In both the histo...

The paper debates possible authorship of designs for printed illustrations in one of the most famous anatomies issued during the Renaissance period – the work of Andreas Vesalius entitled De humani corporis fabrica libri septem pubished in 1543. The anatomy contains more than 250 illustrations, of which 22 are made on large folio plates; three of them depicting skeletons, others depicting human body structures. Many studies have analyzed possible masters who prepared designs for the illustrations in question. Amon...

Based on the researches focused on the historic trusses of the sacral buildings in Slovakia, we analysed these trusses in order to uncover their geometric concepts and proportional relations. Several trusses in Bohemia and Moravia were also analysed. The proportional relation of a truss to a building was also taken into account in some cases. The data on the principles used in historic trusses of the sacral buildings, supported with the period literature, were applied to the historic truss of the Gothic Roman-Cath...

This paper aims to analyse the ways in which a marriage can be concluded in the case of rich and noble families, as well as in the case of the poor ones. Marriage habits are different, depending on the social and economic status, and most of these traditions prevail nowadays also. The institution of marriage will lead to a transformation of the sentimental imaginary, starting from the Middle Ages’ fin amor, played by the troubadours, to the pragmatic, interested relationship, focused on procreation and the transfe...

The paper deals with the issue of collecting rainwater in Roman times on the example of two cities: Termessos and Phaselis. These cities are ruins located in the coastal area of the Antalia district in Turkey (Antalya Province in Turkey). In the 1st c. B.C. the Pisidian Termesoos and Phaselis - belonging to the Lycian federation - came under the rule of the Roman state, experiencing intense spatial development during this period. These towns represent two types of cities whose inhabitants had to adapt the urban st...

Topicality. The question of self-identification of contemporary national philosophy remains insufficiently studied. This paper specifies the tradition of political philosophical discourse in France – the most influence national philosophy in Europe – and the reconceptualization of its main ideas – freedom, liberty and equality in 21st century. The aim is to propose the case study of Charlie Hebdo and the transformation of the political discourse in Europe. Hypothesis. In France, the date that became the point of r...

In this paper, the authors would like to focus on the importance of the translation of the Kralice Bible (named after the village of Kralice nad Oslavou in Moravia where it was printed), whose third and most famous edition was published in 1613, for the development of the Czech language and culture at the time of the Renaissance. The first part of the paper outlines the situation in Europe in the 16th century, during the Humanism and Renaissance period, when the emphasis was put on the importance of translating th...

A conceptual paper is presented, which subject is time, one of the most used and useful phenomenon for humanity. Paradoxically, it is also one of the most mysterious, unknown and controversial object of research in many domains of science, as well as philosophy and theology. Such situation confirms very sophisticated and uncertain nature of time. By inspiration of diversity of time approaches in main sciences, the enrichment of time management in projects is proposed, through more flexible approach to the time nat...

Globalization is a reality of the modern world. Having shown itself initially in the economic sphere, it then spilt over to policy and after that to culture. Today we can more and more often hear that we are witnessing the process of formation of a new global culture. At the same time different authors see this process and its consequences differently. Some believe that globalization of culture is a positive phenomenon and is connected, first of all, with cultural exchange, with synthesis leading to mutual enrichm...

The aim of this study is to justify a classification of the Italian Renaissance paintings based on aspects of the educating function of linear perspective. The importance of the problem is in unrealized educating potential of linear perspective in the field of publication activity. Researchers mostly examine the mathematical aspect of linear perspective as the artist’s tool for modeling the three-dimensional world in two-dimensional pictorial art forms. However, reducing linear perspective to a technical device ca...

This paper considers error mechanics in architectural translation and representations. The investigation is based on two examples. First situation describes Italian architect Giacomo Leoni and published by him in instalments the first complete English language edition of Palladio's I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura, which Leoni entitled The Architecture of A. Palladio, in Four Books. Leoni’s publication became a main tool in spreading the essence of Palladio’s style among British and American architects. Original ...

The present paper is intended to be an analysis of the female ideal during the Renaissance period, respectively during the 14th-17th centuries, both in the realities of the times and in the art. The Italian Renaissance was inspired by Greek-Roman mythology, i.e. Olympus was fascinated by the goddess of beauty, Venus, as well as the ideal of the Middle Ages represented by Virgin Mary and Eve. Although the Church blames the feminine beauty as a source of sin, the prosperous Renaissance society divinises the beauty o...