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In this paper, the authors analyzed the prison system of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, as well as the way of achieving the idea of rehabilitation within prisons. By a case study method on selected examples of inmates of the Royal Court prison in Osijek, the authors tested the thesis that prisons could not fully implement the two ways of achieving rehabilitation. The analysis showed that rehabilitation could not be achieved in prisons by way of education. The main role in achieving rehabilitation was taken over by...

The Second Sophistic played extremely important role in the history of the Byzantine education. Rhetorical education was based mainly on those textbooks on rhetoric which were created at the time of the Second Sophistic. Works by sophists were used as examples of the Attic style. The fact that the Greek educational tradition was continuous throughout centuries allows us to assume that educational techniques did not undergo essential change during so long time too. On this background the absence of the special sect...

Economic history of the Soviet period needs further study to understand the motivations and actions of the state leaders, as well as the response of the population and public institutions to the ensuing results. Soviet political economy was primarily a tool of ideology. The objective laws of economics were not considered, as reflected in the economic policy of the Soviet state. The Kosygin reform of the 1965 takes a special place among the numerous Soviet reforms. They were preceded by the period of political "tha...

The Russian-language weekly "British Ally", circulating in the USSR since 1942, informed Soviet readers about British military operations, British culture and science, and the joint struggle of the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition against Nazi Germany and its allies. In February and March 1945, it covered in detail the course and results of the three-party meetings in Crimea between Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill. The editorial articles stressed that the conference began with mili...

This work is devoted to the historical mythology as a new field in social & human sciences. The author examines the causes of appearance and vitality of myths both in traditional, modern and post-modern societies throw the point of situatedness. Medieval pagan studies provide a good example of mythology development. Every period in historiography has its ‘own paganism’ due to socio-cultural peculiarities of contemporaries. In practice all of investigators try to create their reconstructions of pre-Christian belief...

The article is focused on the issue of evolution of I. Capodistria`s role in Russian Office. The author uses a wide list of published and archival documents and analyzes the reasons Capodistria was invited to the Russian Office, the factors affecting his career growth and his role in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The author applies the method of analogy based on comparing Capodistria`s career and his russian contemporaries. The results of the study revealed that Capodistria was invited to the Russian Diplomatic...

The article dwells upon the peculiarities of economic cooperation of the USSR and the allies during the World War II. After the war had begun, the main task of the Soviet diplomacy was the fastest consolidation of all countries fighting against fascism. One of the priority directions of cooperation was the fastest receiving from the allies of military and economic aid that was supposed to be a significant contribution to the future Victory. The basis of the cooperation between the USSR, Great Britain and the Unite...

The aim of the paper is to study the role of the transport communications of the Southern Russia, especially the railroads, in the initial period of the Great Patriotic war (1941-1942). For Russia, throughout its history, transport and related logistical problems were of significant and sometimes paramount importance. This postulate is characteristic of the period of the Great Patriotic War. The Nazis, who decided in June 1941 to attack the Soviet Union, soon began to face the challenge of supplying their army. Th...

The planners of coastal defenses, starting from the first years of the Unification of Italy, began to concentrate their interest in organizing a major fortification system in some of the main coastal cities characterized by the presence of ports. When around 1910 it was felt that a breaking of relations with Austria would inevitably lead to conflict, the attention was moved to the north eastern border, resulting in an increased activity in assuring the fortification of this border area. The technological innovatio...

The modern world has been a witness of the surge in migration processes leading to the various problems. Therefore "migration tension" and its causes became the key issue in the contemporary Russian and European historiography. The article deals with stereotypes of mutual perception that existed between native inhabitants and evacuated people during the Soviet-German conflict of 1941-1945. Stereotypes in this sense are fixed images of local people used as clichés and complicating people's adaptation in the regions...

The study is aimed to analyze the socio-economic and demographic situation during the period of 1941-1945. The Victory over fascism was achieved at the cost of huge losses. A significant proportion occurred in the Lower Volga region, where at Stalingrad there was a radical change in world war II. The city was completely destroyed. Were lost a significant portion of housing, industrial enterprises, social institutions. In the region significantly reduced the population and changed the age and gender structure of so...

The Russian-language weekly "British Ally", published in the USSR since August 1942, informed Soviet citizens about the course of the Allied military operations. Covering the events of the week and giving an overview of the British press, the newspaper also reported on Nazi crimes in the occupied territories. The change that occurred in World War II in 1943 enabled correspondents to get more comprehensive and reliable information about camps for prisoners of war and concentration camps and publish reports on the h...

The article studies some aspects of commemoration as exemplified by existing monuments, architectural objects of Yakutia devoted to the Second World War. The issue of commemoration has been studied by foreign researchers ?. Halbwachs, P. Nore, A. Megil, J.K. Olick, J. Robbins, G. Mink, L. Neumayer, E.-C. Onken, F. Martinez, K.L. Klein, A. Confino, ?. Assmann as well as by Russian scholars G. Okladnikova, E. Kandaryan, ?.I. Krasilnikova, ?.I. Miller, ?.V. Romanovskaya etc. However, there are no works on commemorati...

In the modern humanities one of themes is interpretation of terms, which were used in antiquity for designation of various types of settlements of the Roman empire. The choice of terms by ancient authors depended on many factors: extent of possession of relevant information, terminological tradition, character of the taking place events (in peace or wartime). Article purpose – to study the nature of the of the term a phrourion use in texts the of authors of the 5th century. Methods of research are comparative-hist...

This article is a reflection of civil defence education as one of basic element of education. The research focuses on the period 1938 – 1951; period between the time before World War II burst out and the time of political changes in the Czechoslovakia. The aim of the research is to explore the basic approaches to the implementation of education in relation to civil defence education in Czechoslovakia. The comparative historical analysis is utilized as the research method on the subject of civil defence education. ...

The trial of the Nazi war criminals who committed their crimes in the North-West of Russia was held in Leningrad in the winter of 1945 - 1946, simultaneously with the trial in Nuremberg. Its course was covered by all the major city newspapers: Leningradskaya Pravda, Smena, and Vecherny Leningrad. The criminal proceedings were attended by journalists, photographers, filmmakers, and newspaper cartoonists. In addition to regular reports on the progress of court sessions in the print media, op-ed articles, and intervi...

The paper describes the image of the Russian Orthodox Church during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), reflected in school textbooks in contemporary Russia. On the basis of the content analysis the authors highlighted the main components of the image of Russian Orthodox Church during the period under review. First, we analyzed the total amount of pages devoted to the history of the Russian Orthodox Church during the Great Patriotic war in every textbook, we studied and counted the percentage of these pages with ...

The article is devoted not just to historical analysis of the Roman republican structures, but to the revealing of historical backgrounds of the institutes of democracy that we have today. In fact the Romans were the first who established the stable and viable institutes based on democratic principles and able to survive even great civil wars of the late Republic and to transform into effective mechanism of state management during the period of Empire. What was called in the ages of Rome “magistracy” today is call...

The paper dwells on the phenomenon of mass sport in the context of the social history of the Soviet society of the 1920s and 1930s. The sport is a subject of historical reflection attracting more and more attention. The paper analyzes the development of healthy lifestyles, physical culture and sports as a subject of scientific study. The study of the mechanisms of recruitment of participants of sports clubs, teams and societies, the formation of leisure sports practices is the field of the "new" social history of ...

The present study aims to analyze the perception of Eastern Europe in the thought and the political project of Niccolò Tommaseo, therefore, it seeks to examine not only the theoretical aspects, but also the geopolitical and geo-cultural significance of Eastern Europe, indispensable engine of the practical actions taken to bring about the desired path of emancipation of the peoples of that whole area. Aware of the value of this project, a source of inspiration for the actions of other patriots including Mazzini, th...

This article shows how the developed, adopted and implemented by the Party and the Soviet power in 1929, regulations, resolutions and other acts marked the beginning of the new attack stage on the religious organizations when the state bodies in fact proceeded to their complete elimination. A particularly severe blow was inflicted on the Russian Orthodox Church. One of the main arguments of the outbreak of the anti-religious campaign was the accusation of the Russian Orthodox Church of being “counter-revolutionary...