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This article reconstructs the concept of rationality within the context of postwar experience, where the subject faces epistemic injustice, moral instability, and hermeneutic exclusion. It critically examines the limitations of instrumental and procedural models of rationality under conditions of disrupted norms and fragmented meaning, and proposes an alternative framework — axiological rationality — grounded in the subject’s internal moral discernment rather than external normative systems. The study draws on ins...

Propaganda was historically a neutral term used by playwrights in ancient Greece to describe the promotion of political and religious beliefs. In the 19th century, with the rise of the press, cinema, and radio, propaganda became a tool for shaping opinions and behaviours, often biased, misleading, or false, to promote specific agendas. In the early 20th century, especially in Europe, propaganda was employed by dictatorial regimes—Nazism, Fascism, and Communism—for building popular consensus and political repressio...