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Today, in the face of the rapidly growing threat of terrorism and extremism, the issue of creating a peaceful international and inter-confessional dialogue acquires an urgent significance. The research is devoted to the study of aggressive behaviour aimed at inciting interethnic hatred and discord via the comments on YouTube Videos. The Internet is used more and more in everyday life, at the same time, the potential threat of manipulative influence on the individual, especially young people, is increasing. Young p...

Confidence-building is one of the main conditions of Russia-EU relations normalization. For better understanding of the ways of confidence strengthening: the concept of confidence in the context of national and foreign policy of the states; legal basis of strategic partnership between Russia and EU (the EU-Russia Partnership and Cooperation Agreement of 1994); the contemporary state of Russia-EU relations; the reasons of Russia-EU relations deterioration; the available doubts of a possibility of strategic partners...

Risk behaviours in youth are often the result of personal identity issues and internal conflicts, connected with the need for new and more complex excitement, and a new image about themselves. Such behaviours often precede delinquent behaviour or occur with delinquent behaviour. It also could be related to impulsive decision-making, negligent behaviour, conflict with peers or authority, and having a significant negative impact on the wider society. The aim of this paper is to gain insight the experiences of young ...

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of economic cooperation between China and Japan in the era of the "World Financial Crisis". The global economic crisis of 2008, which became a powerful blow for the capitalist world since the Great Depression and inflicted a heavy blow on the economies of the United States and Western Europe, did not have such a strong impact on East Asia, China and even Japan, despite their greater involvement in the world financial and economic system. It confirmed the fact that the c...

The neoclassical realist approach considers systemic stimuli (independent), and élites’ perceptions and capacities (intervening) as the variables of an explanatory model of foreign policy outcomes (dependent variable). Starting from the central assumptions of Ethology and Classical Élites Theory, with the view to delimitate élites as the foreign policy executive, or the geopolitical agent, this paper aims to reinforce the importance of the intervening variables élites’ perceptions and capacities in shaping the geo...

The article is devoted to the topical issue of the struggle between China and Japan for political and economic influence over the Korean peninsula in the modern era. After the division of Korea into two hostile states in the middle of 1950-s, the struggle of world powers for influence over the peninsula has not ceased for nearly 70 years. In recent decades, in addition to the traditional actors as the United States and Russia China which is rapidly gaining power has joined the struggle. In response to the China’s ...

The issue of propaganda and its challenges goes hand in hand with development of new patterns for information consumption within society. Via digital media information cannot be filtrated, authorised or double-checked as in traditional media, but can be delivered directly to population, more than this, across the borders and even ignoring national legislation. In these circumstances propaganda has reshaped its outfit and widely used both for aggressive purposes (like hybrid-warfare tool - s.c.hard propaganda); and...

Strategic communication and foreign policy are fields interlacing with high intense in latest years. Reasons behind this phenomenon are technological possibilities to spread the message, and, nevertheless, foreign policy visibility via open and active international society. The same time actors and agents playing in the foreign policy field have various interests. Such effects as informational noise, disinformation, propaganda, and provocation (under circumstances of hybrid-warfare) largely puzzles global informat...

The article is devoted to the study of sport as a political phenomenon. Although it has traditionally been interpreted as non-political one, its political potential is clear even if a person is not interested in politics at all. Sport has long been a means of establishing national pride and a belief in a population’s physical or at least cultural superiority. For example when boxer Joe Louis avenged his earlier loss to Max Schmeling with a first-round knockout it was considered a victory for American democracy ove...

Background: Services create most of employment and value added in modern economies and via delivering key intermediate inputs to other sectors they enhance industrial performance and boost economic growth. The significance of international trade in services is systemically growing together with development of ICT technologies. Although Poland's share in global trade in services is rather small (1.01% in exports and 0.72% in imports in 2016) this sector is important for the Polish economy. In 2016, Poland's service...

The breakdown of world trade flows that occurred in 2008-2009 due to the financial and economic crisis was followed by a swift recovery. However, since 2012 global trade growth has been sluggish and the growth rates lower than average growth of global GDP. Various reasons have been named to explain that phenomenon. One of which is the supposed protectionist policies spreading all over the world. The main goal of the paper is to analyze global trade flows since 2012 and pinpoint the main tendencies and factors affe...

The article addresses the problem of militarization in the East Asian region in the context of the unfolding crisis in Japan-China relations. Numerous territorial disputes between China and Japan and other countries in East Asia being divided into two hostile sides in the recent past, the complicated history of the last century along with innumerable military conflicts, the deficiency of effectively operating security organizations in this region, the inequality of economic development between countries, all these...

The article deals with the actual problem of territorial disputes between China and Japan, as well as the role of the two countries in the settlement of the “Taiwan problem”. In recent years, there has been a rapid growth of contradictions and negative trends in Sino-Japanese relations, periodically exacerbated by the unraveling conflict around the Senkaku Islands, processes of general militarization of the region, including the activation of military cooperation between Japan, the United States and Taiwan. Agains...

International trade is the oldest and most development form of international relations. The current conditions of globalization of the economy have become a powerful stimulus for the development of international trade, especially within the existing customs, trade and economic unions. Despite the fact that the USA and Mexico are traditionally the main partners of Canadian foreign trade policy in the framework of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), in recent years the countries of the European Union (E...

In today's global world an image of a certain country and its society plays a significant role in international relations. The creation of such image depends largely on the attitude of the mass-media and their owners’ policy. For the past several decades research is done over many different aspects of the modern communication processes in search for better target audience impact methods and models. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the principal model of forming an inter-country communication within a spec...

The article is devoted to the topical problem of the Russian Federation foreign policy in the Far East transformation in recent decades. Traditionally, the region is a sphere of Russia's special interests. The collapse of the Soviet Union marked a shift in the balance of power in it towards the US-Japanese alliance and the new powers have emerged claiming a leading place, it is primarily China. In the 21st century, Russia is gradually returning to regional affairs as an active actor, focusing its efforts not on pr...

Approximately from the beginning of the 21st Century China has changed its approach towards UN peacekeeping missions, and has become more active, especially in Africa. This process has been accompanied by sharp rise of Sino-African trade. These two parallel processes created the need or better to say a suitable environment for establishment of the first permanent Chinese military base on African soil. The need for this base has been further increased by Chinese experience from operation of evacuation of Chinese ci...