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The European directives on air pollution liability have undergone several substantial changes. The approval in October 2024 of a new directive has highlighted the problems present in the previous directives. This study analyses how they were addressed and proposes possible further innovative solutions. The definitions of environmental damage contained in Article 2 of Directive 2004/35/EC allow for the delimitation of legal areas and critical issues in the field of environmental pollution. The results indicate that...

The global food system faces environmental, social and legal challenges. Primary production has become increasingly dependent on external inputs from industrial companies, which contribute to the rising cost of nutritious food and decreasing the income of producers, particularly the producers in primary production. Adopting alternative models of short food supply chains can reduces those negative effects and moves the agri-food supply chain towards some Agenda 2030 sustainable developments goals and aims of Europe...

Mediation, an alternative dispute resolution tool, has attracted the attention of the EU, which has decided to promote its use in cross-border disputes by adopting DIRECTIVE 2008/52/EC of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters. Subsequently, in December 2018, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted the United Nations Convention on International Agreements Resulting from Mediation (the “Singapore Convention”), which applies to international settlement agreeme...

European Union (EU) has been at the forefront of efforts to disrupt and dismantle the financial networks that sustain terrorist organizations. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory frameworks and enforcement mechanisms employed by the EU in its fight against the financing of terrorism. The study analyses the threat by examining the different funding methods used over the years by various terrorist organizations. Then, the research scrutinizes the role of EU frameworks and mechanisms to mit...

Corruption is a global phenomenon, and a high level of corruption in a country has a negative impact on various areas of state life, such as politics, economy, and law. In addition, due to the high level of corruption, the international prestige of the country is declining. The increasing number of corruption crimes is one of the most urgent problems in Lithuania. The aim of this research is to reveal the main issues of criminal liability for corruption crimes in Lithuanian court practice. To conduct the research,...

There are many issues in cyberspace that have an impact on people and society overall in different ways, affecting all industries and nations. Part of what makes cyberspace so unique is how creatively it uses modern technologies. The research emphasises the need for a proliferation of cyber studies among academic institutions in Romania: The cyber domain is related to every area of our modern lives and affects them in an immediate and far-reaching way, being a space based on technology. Cyber programs should focus...

This article explores emerging legal challenges in managing the legacy of digital assets in an increasingly connected world. In the age of technology, assets such as cryptocurrencies, online accounts, software licenses, and digital intellectual property are becoming increasingly relevant in inheritance processes. However, the lack of a clear and unified legislative framework creates difficulties in transferring these assets post-mortem. Heirs often face technological and legal barriers to accessing assets, includi...

The final frontier of European transitional energy law must be found in the introduction of a balanced and efficient system of climate and energy justice. The stratification, over time, of multiple rules in European Union law, both soft law and hard law, has, on the one hand, ensured legal certainty and regulation of the various aspects of the matter but, on the other hand, risks increasing litigation between the players in this field exponentially. The significant increase in the number of regulations governing t...

Purpose: Establishing the place and importance of the General Principles of Law in the European context, with the connotations they have at the level of the Member States, as well as at the level of other states, in order to establish the indestructible link between them and the rules or norms of fundamental law or only of law private. Starting from the definitions of the General Principles on all the specified levels, the objectives to be achieved for a correct interpretation of the application of the law are to ...

Radicalism and its association with Islam have become a global concern due to the threats it poses to international peace and security. To understand this association and its dynamics, it is important to examine both the factors leading to the rise of radicalism and how it is related to Islam. To counter the radicalism associated with Islam, a comprehensive approach is needed that addresses both the underlying causes of radicalization and distorted interpretations of the religion. Examining the association between...

In the study, the authors present information from a survey of the Academy of the Police Force in Bratislava, in which members of the police force commented on their awareness of sexology. Basic knowledge of sexology is a necessary condition for investigative work, not only for sexual crimes, but also for many threatening crimes. Results on very well-known survey results in this area. The study is the result of testing during the Special Interrogation Rooms project, and was created thanks to the EU project "Bridge...

The demands of the contemporary society revealed the necessity to create a legislative framework that would be able to provide concrete solutions to ensure the balance between professional and private life. To achieve this, it was emphasized at the European Union level that workers ought to gain from suitable policies that would motivate them to keep their jobs or go back to work after carrying out responsibilities imposed by their personal lives, such as being parents or family caregivers. The European Union’s ...

This study analysis object digital traces and their influence on the content of modern Criminalistics and the Privacy of individuals. The broad in context and highlight the purpose both of the objects can by useful for better understanding those partly new phenomena in modern live. Basis of the study is to analyze different aspects of the digital traces, including its creation, collection and use. Very complicated is in actual law regulation to correctly capture the balance between the freedom to use information, ...

The present study starts from the broad context of the recent legislative changes introduced by the entry into force of Law no. 140/2022 regarding some protection measures for people with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities, a law that amended and supplemented the provisions of the Civil Code and the Code of Civil Procedure in the matter of the protection of natural persons. The normative act modified these measures in a more nuanced and comprehensive manner, by referring also to European and international ...

The overall purpose of this paper is the analysis of remedies in the matter of awarding public procurement contracts, with emphasis on the Romanian case, in the context of EU law. Methodologically, the study aims to analyse Romanian Law no. 101/2016 on appeals and remedies for the award of public contracts, sectorial contracts and works concession contracts and service concession contracts, as well as for the organization and operation of the National Council for the Settlement of Complaints. This law transposes t...

The scientific approach aims at analyzing the legislation in Romania regarding the recognition of the exercise of civil legal capacity under the conditions of equal opportunities in favor of vulnerable adults against whom a special protection measure has been taken. As a first step, we will give arguments for the need of protecting the civil legal ability of an adult natural person with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities, even if protective measures have been implemented. In addition, the concept of legal ...

The constant need to ensure the efficient use of resources, especially in the period of a challenging geopolitical situation, when the mobilization of resources in every sector of the national economy is of decisive importance, while not allowing the quality of educational services to decrease. The regulatory framework governing resource management within education system of Latvia is a multifaceted construct crucial for ensuring efficient allocation and utilization of resources. This paper provides an in-depth ex...

In the present paper we aim to analyze several key aspect regarding the protection of the children’s rights in the EU specially and all over the world, in general. We will refer to the 1980 Hague Convention which applies in all EU member states in regard to the children under the age of 16 who are displaced from their habitual residence in another state or are detained in this second state unlawfully. The provisions of the Hague Convention apply if the child was illegally moved to or from a country which is a pa...

In the present paper we aim to analyze several key aspect regarding the protection of the children’s rights in the EU specially and all over the world, in general. We will refer to the 1980 Hague Convention which applies in all EU member states in regard to the children under the age of 16 who are displaced from their habitual residence in another state or are detained in this second state unlawfully. The provisions of the Hague Convention apply if the child was illegally moved to or from a country which is a pa...

This study analyses the strategies and measures adopted by the European Union to address the growing problem of energy poverty. European, national and regional policies will be examined (with particular attention to the interventions put in place by the Sicilian Region), the financial support programmes and awareness raising initiatives implemented in Member States to combat energy poverty. The survey highlights best practices and persistent challenges, with a focus on the impact of sustainable energy policies and...

The valorisation of a healthcare model centred on the active role of the patient has allowed its assimilation, from a legal perspective, to the figure of the consumer, characterised by ontological vulnerability and information asymmetry. This analogy is convincing in the hypothesis of the patient-direct user of medical devices, while it is more problematic in the presence of a therapeutic relationship between the patient and the healthcare provider, in particular medical facility. The assessment of compatibility b...

The concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has emerged as a key pillar of environmental policies, designed to shift the financial and operational burden of waste management from governments and consumers to producers. This paper explores the legal framework surrounding EPR, examining its impact on recycling practices in various sectors, such as electronics, packaging and end-of-life vehicles. The EPR aims to incentivise producers to design more sustainable products by making them responsible for their e...

In the present paper we aim to analyze the way the philosophical theories on the concept of truth find their applicability in the contemporary society and their influences on moral decisions and the making of justice. First, we will refer to the main philosophical theories in this matter: the correspondence theory of truth, the coherence of truth and the pragmatic theory regarding the truth and, also, to some relevant contemporary theories regarding the truth. Then, we will analyze how these theories fit into the ...

Women’s inheritance rights in biblical and European contexts are complex topics that have been extensively studied by scholars in various fields such as history, theology, and social studies. In both contexts, women’s inheritance rights were influenced by cultural norms, religious beliefs and legal systems. Biblically, women’s inheritance rights are emphasized in the Old Testament, especially in the laws of Moses found in books such as Deuteronomy and Numbers. These laws provide clear guidelines for the dist...