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TRADITIONAL CARPET ART OF NATIONALITIES FROM NORTH CAUCASUS

N. Drobysheva

Abstract

Carpet - is the most ancient and hugely common type of decorative and applied art in culture of North Caucasus's nations. Our guess will not look like abstractedly, if take into account these facts: firstly, it is widely established and developed sheep breeding, it means the continued availability of row materials, secondly, it's quite difficult climatic conditions which determined the need for home insulation, thirdly, unemployment female population several months of the year and agricultural works closely with the countries, where carpet waving was a traditional and established art, there are countries of near East and Transcaucasia. Emphasizing comprehensive note that carpet was formed by certain developed within traditional for each region. Based on the most ancient tradition has come a long way of development. Today is the most widely known is the object of study of many researchers. So, in technique, colors and ornamentation of art the carpets are divided into several large groups: first-carpets of South Dagestan, second-central and North Dagestan, next groups - carpet of Karachai and Balkars. The first group, the most numerous, is subdivided into the three sub-groups: carpets of Achts and Micrahs, carpets of Derbent and tabasaransk's carpets. These subgroups are represented by the piled carpets, smooth sumac unilateral, bilateral and numerous oriental carpets. Second group, for the most part, consists of the smooth bilateral carpets, mats and felts. Quality and beauty of these rugs is achieved by the high performance technique. Carpets of Achtin and Micrah's group have the highest density that is 211, 6 thousand nodes per one square meter. Carpets of Derbent and Tabasaran regions have less density- from 90 to 136 thousand nodes per one square meter. Short pile carpets are more soft and silk, as the pile length affects the stiffness and elasticity. The important component of the South Daghestan carpets is, of course, the nature of their patterns. Material and spiritual prerequisites of development and carpet weaving are characterized by the presence of resource base in the most part of the region's, established rich cultural traditions that are rooted in antiquity, as well as their continuity, based on the collective nature of creativity and spiritual unity of the community. Authenticity of genuine folk art felt carpets are evidenced by their close relationship with many folk rituals and customs - weddings, funerals, reception, which contributes to the development of the national ornamental forms. Conservatism that is closed due to the lifestyle of workers who lives in the mountains had defined the basic safety of ornamental motifs.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2015/b41/s15.027

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