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COGNITIVE MODELS IN URBAN DESIGN AND SPATIAL PLANNING
Abstract
This article continues the series of publications focused on the application of mental models of built environment in Urban Design and Spatial Planning. The issue of scale, both as a scale of event and as a scale of physical dimensions of space - gives us a ground to propose three rows of spatial models of public space: micro-, mezzo-, and macro-spaces. The concept of spatial models or patterns was tested in a series of field studies. Micro-space is seen as an object of urban design and landscape architecture. Micro-spaces are classified with the Diagram of Spatial Behavior. Mezzo-space can be described as clustered micro-spaces with surrounding area. We propose to classify Mezzo-space by the types of social control of the place. Social control is provided by people, their ability to see, hear, and to be involved in the events. Macro-space is a portion of the urban territory that embraces several mezzo-spaces, which are united under conditions of pedestrian accessibility, proximity and circulation. In this study, we identified and interpreted the public space structure in modern cities. These considerations are important for urban planning, urban design, and urban management of built environment. We proposed a system of basic models: micro-, mezzo-, and macro-spaces that help to understand cognitive links and usage of public space in built environment.
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