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SOME SIMILARITIES OF PRESENT TENSE CATEGORIES IN INDICATIVE MOOD IN MODERN FRENCH AND YAKUT LANGUAGES
Abstract
The article reviews some similarities of the present tense categories in the indicative mood in two unrelated languages. Unrelated languages (for example, French and Japanese), remotely related (French and Russian), close related (French and Spanish), variations of one language (French language in France and Canada), different stages of one language (modern French and Old French languages) can be an object of comparative and typological linguistics. In our article, we consider similarities of the present tense categories in the indicative mood in French and Yakut languages, which are unrelated languages.The greatest number of similarities is in the biggest morphological categories the parts of speech, that are in lexical and morphological subsystems of the language. Yakut language (self-name - sakha tyla) is genetically related to the Turkic family of languages, but it significantly differs from other Turkic languages and forms a separate Yakut subgroup in the Uighur group of the Eastern Hun branch of the Turkic language family. French language is genetically a part of the group of Romance languages, connected with the ancient Latin language, which spread in the result of the Roman conquests through the territory of Southern Europe. In structural and typological terms, French language refers to analytical languages, since most of the future and past tenses are formed with the help of auxiliary verbs, and Yakut language refers to synthetic languages, since all forms of the verb in the Yakut language are formed with the help of affixes. The peculiarity of mood in Yakut language, as in other Turkic languages, is that, unlike other moods, it does not have special grammatical indicators mood affixes. The comparative analysis showed that the present tense in French language (présent) and the present-future tense in Yakut language are similar in functional action and stylistic purposes. When expressing the present time, the use of methods of action that take into account the morphological context, the situation, the adverbial modifiers of time, the tense forms in the neighboring sentence have similarity in both languages.
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