Scholarly record
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF WEST NILE VIRUS IN ITALY
Abstract
The infectious diseases are mainly the consequence of the existence of the microbialworld, essential for life on our planet. Microbes need a superior animal to multiply andspread to survive. The pathogens are therefore the biological agents responsible for theonset of the disease condition in the host organism. The infectious disease appears to bethe consequence of the interaction between pathogens and specific defense systems,immune response, and nonspecific (inflammation) of the host.West Nile virus (WNV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae and implies the West Nilefever (WNF) a vector-borne disease caused by the group of Arboviruses. The termArbovirus is the acronym for arthropod-borne viruses.Vector-borne diseases are human illnesses caused by parasites, viruses, and bacteria thatare transmitted by vectors, for instance, bloodsucking insects, that can transmitinfectious pathogens between humans or from animals to humans. Mosquitoes typicallyspread WNF. Arboviruses can be found in nature without including man in their cycle,they only infect them accidentally, but the scientific community focuses great attentionand importance on these diseases.In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of the spread WNV in Italy between 2009 and2019 focusing on the virus life cycle which is more likely to be re-activated each yearvia previously infected mosquitoes in some specific regions, especially in northern Italywhere its spread has been observed since 2008. For example, Veneto is one of theItalian regions where WNV is considered endemic, and the greatest intensity ofcirculation was observed, particularly in August.It first analyzed the causes of the disease spreading, underlying the distribution, thefrequency of the re-activations in some peculiar regions, and the determinants, forinstance, the risk factors, of health-related states and events in Italy throughout a periodof ten years.
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