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Young drivers have the highest rates of car crash involvement despite extensive measures taken to prevent it. During the last decade, research has focused on analyzing peer influence and peer pressure in order to gain a better understanding of young drivers' high rates of car crash involvement. This paper analyzes how risk is perceived in traffic situations and how risky driving behaviors are identified by using the perspective of both peers and passengers. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the perceived role of pa...

In most educational systems, school grades and grades obtained at national exams represent two basic indicators of academic success. Given the role that emotions play in student learning and achievement, it is important to understand the role that previous academic results and the perceived importance of grades to be obtained in future exams, play in the activation of students' academic emotions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations among students' previous grades, the perceived importance...