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One of the most important architectural theoreticians of the late Italian Renaissance Vincenzo Scamozzi drew an analogy between architect’s work and work of a geographer in his famous treatise “La idea dell’architettura universale” (1615). That analogy based on Strabo’s authority led Scamozzi to some reflections on importance of intensive examination of the territory by every architect. He considered an architect to be not only a natural scientist but a person who would be able to combine natural philosophy, mathe...

Today the name of Sebastiene Le Prêtre de Vauban is considered to be some kind of equivalent to the bastioned fortification itself. Of course his impact to the European fortification of the late XVII – early XVIII centuries was great. Nevertheless his ideas and his famous “three systems of fortification” were the result of the evolution of ideas that took place in France during the second half of the XVI - the early XVII centuries. Among the most prominent antecedents of Vauban there were J. Errard De Bar-le-Duc, ...