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From the early 15th century, anatomical knowledge was considered fundamental to artists and even architects. Not only medically trained scientists, but also artists found a primary source of inspiration in the human body, directly investigating it under cover of the night or, later on, in public dissections. Direct observation, “to see with one’s eyes” – as states the original meaning of the Greek word autopsia – was fundamental to Renaissance artists. The body, standardized in its dimensions and used as a measure...