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This work is devoted to the historical mythology as a new field in social & human sciences. The author examines the causes of appearance and vitality of myths both in traditional, modern and post-modern societies throw the point of situatedness. Medieval pagan studies provide a good example of mythology development. Every period in historiography has its ‘own paganism’ due to socio-cultural peculiarities of contemporaries. In practice all of investigators try to create their reconstructions of pre-Christian belief...

The article is devoted to the category ‘Slavic paganism’ which is very popular in modern culture. The author discovers two main meanings of the term – ‘paganism’ as a scientific and ideological construct which derives from 17th century and ‘pogani’ (heathens) as historiosophical concept in the literature of Old Russia. The last can determine any group of people connected with ‘alien’ environment mostly in religious and cultural sense. Also the concept had a strong socio-political context, that’s why ‘pogani’ could...