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The increasing mobility of families across borders has given rise to a growth in the number of cases in family courts with a connecting factor to a foreign country and thus has become part of judges’ and courts’ daily practice. The recent trend in private international family law shows a decline of nationality, as the traditional connecting factor, and an increased consideration of habitual residence. This change of trend has resulted in the increased application of the 1980 Convention on the Civil Aspects of Inte...

This article studies the international cooperation of national judges to enhance the implementation of the 1980 Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction and the 1996 Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Cooperation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children. The International Hague Network of Judges (IHNJ) began 20 years ago with judges from China (Hong Kong SAR), New Zealand, the United Kingdom (England and Wales), ...