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This article focuses on the cryptographic traits in Western avant-garde music, as well as in contemporary music in Latvia and its neighbouring countries. The contemporary cryptic trend in music differs from ancient cryptography as follows: unlike ancient cryptography, contemporary music has a double function, its code locks and unlocks the secret signs, and unlike creators of ancient crypts, contemporary composers are highly creative when inventing new code systems while avoiding, as much as possible, the traditio...

Autobiographicity is a peculiar form of writing based on the personal life experience of the author of a literary work reflecting its facts and events. Limits of the autobiographical character of a literary work are not easy to establish; its investigation requires deep knowledge of the biographical facts of the respective author that is drawn from the analysis of documents of extra-textual reality (letters, contemporaries’ memoirs and evaluations, reviews of the literary work, the biographical information provide...