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European countries support their national economies and entrepreneurs in various ways. Goals include GDP growth, employment growth, and the development of public services. The article focuses on the various types of state aid. The states are limited by the regulations of the European Union: under Article 107 (1) TFEU, state aid is incompatible with the internal market and is therefore generally prohibited. An exemption from the prohibition may be granted on the basis of block exemptions or the decision of the Euro...

The article suggests solutions to the problems that may arise in the practical implementation of a new approach to the distribution of state-funded places among the universities, subordinated to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the competition among the applicants. These problems include the excess of educational organization material resources with a sharp increase in the number of applicants recommended for enrollment; the mechanisms for taking into account additional creative ...

This paper attempts to analyze the system and the behavior of all actors in the field of competition by determining and then analyzed its composition, degree of concentration of businesses in the same activities, bringing them about pricing, bringing them to customer, the number of businesses participating in the market, types of products or services they offer, and many other factors in order to assess the level of competition between businesses in different areas so all this with the purpose of implementation of...