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After the political transformation in 1989, polish cities experienced many negative phenomena that affect their spatial development. Among them, may be mentioned the problem of excessive growth of cities, extensive development, lack of ring roads and transit traffic crossing the historical urban structures, technical and functional degradation of central areas and also transfer of central functions at the periphery. These problems are especially severe in historic cities, with preserved precious urban layout and h...

Space recycling is one way of reducing the suburbanization and preventing investment pressure on valuable natural areas. One of the challenges of territorial development of the European Union indicated in the Territorial Agenda 2020 is to reduce urban sprawl through the reuse of land called recycling of land, which includes urban regeneration, the use of areas abandoned, unused or derelict lands. Changes in the global economy, reducing coal mining, ecological solutions resulted in changes taking place in cities, b...