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Introduction: Tobacco smoke and second-hand smoking exposure, at home or in school during childhood and adolescence, increases the risk of respiratory illness. Youth smoking is mostly associated with parents, and their smoking behavior. Also, there are other influences: social environment, targeted advertising, easy access to cigarette products, no control over age limit in purchasing cigarettes, lack of knowledge about the effects of smoking. Material and method: To evaluate the influence of the environment, soci...

Modality in scientific texts has been investigated from various angles and has been found to be indicative of stance and dependent on various factors, such as discipline, culture and context. Cross disciplinary studies point out that, in English, the epistemic use of modals in scientific texts exceeds the deontic use, given the communicative purposes of such texts, i.e. the production and transfer of knowledge. The present paper explores the use of modal verbs in a corpus of scientific texts on Economics written i...