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The aim of this article is to put a fundamental question for the architectural studies. Is architecture a Science or an Art? Is architecture an autonomous, professional discipline or is it just a conglomerate of a different scientific disciplines? Is it a practical skill, scientific knowledge or a social art? What is the methodological status of architecture? What its role in scientific researches? Is architecture a multidisciplinary science or an intellectual poacher? This questions are essential for every discip...

The scientific-educational approach, combining the educational point of view with the scientific criticism of the educational approach, was formed, oddly enough, in the study of alchemy, and views the latter as a stage in the development of chemistry. It is this approach which combined the ideas of the Enlightenment with natural science and its history and became the basis for the formation of a classical view of the Hermetic tradition. This approach is based on the reality of the object of alchemy, proving that i...

The aim of this article is to present descriptive geometry, which quickly reached the Polish lands. First lecture was held at the Warsaw School of Artillery and Engineering in 1809-1812, by a French teacher Jan Joachim Livet (1809-12). The new discipline was quickly adopted in all major centers of Polish science at that time, which include university cities - Warsaw, Krakow, Vilnius and the Krzemieniec Lyceum, which represent high level of teaching. In each of the existing universities, efforts were made to create...

The scientific-educational approach, combining the educational point of view with the scientific criticism of the educational approach, was formed, oddly enough, in the study of alchemy, and views the latter as a stage in the development of chemistry. It is this approach which combined the ideas of the Enlightenment with natural science and its history and became the basis for the formation of a classical view of the Hermetic tradition. This approach is based on the reality of the object of alchemy, proving that i...