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LABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITY IN SLOVAKIA - CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
Abstract
In the paper we present results of research on flexibilization of labour and promoting reconciliation of work and family life in Slovakia. Data collection was done by questionnaire survey on a sample of over 400 respondents (parents of minor children) in the Central Slovakia (Banska Bystrica region). Data were analysed by data mining methods (frequency and cross tables, decision trees) in SPSS. We tested the dependence of responses to questions about working and family live and about institutional support for parents and families from the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and their working characteristics. We searched for the factors that influence the decision-making and behaviour in organising of work and of family life, their mutual interconnection and alignment. The research results confirm that despite the existing legislative framework, the practice of application of flexible forms of work and work organization (particularly positive flexible, which is a compromise between the demands of workers and for employers) in Slovakia is insufficient. One of the reasons - on the supply side of labour market - is the conservative attitude of workers (parents of minor children) ftowards flexibility, stereotypical gender roles as well as roles in raising children and in meeting other family responsibilities (home care, the sick, the old members of the extended family ect.). Other causes of insufficient application of labour market flexibility can be seen on the labour demand (employers), in their ignorance, indifference on the issue. This is the cause of ignorance of the benefits which flexibility brings to the business entity and the economy as a whole. The last reason is the institutional setting - social policy, policies to promote job creation and business support. Finally, important actors in process of work flexibilisation support are own workers/employees, insufficiently knowing their own rights and actively defending and promoting them. It is a complex of factors of influence operating parallel and having synergistic effects.
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