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SPATIAL LIMITS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY. THE ENERGY BALANCE OF THE HOUSING STRUCTURE OF CITIES: A CASE STUDY.
Abstract
The current research answers the question whether the energy efficiency resulting from the application of modern technologies is associated with savings at the scale of individual housing units, and further – at the scale of whole cities and countries. Therefore, the results indicate whether under certain climatic and economic conditions, the further improvement of the energy parameters of buildings is profitable. The research was carried out on a selected, heterogeneous fragment of housing development in Wroc?aw. The age of the buildings, the technology of their execution, and the usable floor area have been estimated. Based on this, the estimated energy consumption in the buildings was determined. The results were compared with the actual data obtained from the energy supplier and with the results of thermovision tests. Finally, the estimated consumption of useful energy was calculated and compared with the contribution of energy embodied into the building structure. The analysis of the dependence of the buildings’ demand for useful energy, as well as their embodied energy on the age and technology of their construction, indicates that the use of modern technologies still allows for the restriction of energy consumption within the scale of the building. Despite the significant increase in embodied energy, it is characterized by better thermal parameters. These savings, however, do not exceed the limits of a large city, which, although using resources more efficiently than smaller cities, increases its demand for energy. The existing data on the energy efficiency of particular types of residential buildings has also been verified. As there are many indications that adjusting the very structure of the building and its equipment will soon cease to bring the expected savings, more attention should now be paid to energy flows in the city: its production and transmission, use in communication and other areas of human activity and behavior.
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