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ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, TREATMENT OF RADICULOPATHIES AND DORSALGIA

V.A. Ivanov, E. G. KamГҐnsky

Abstract

Literary evidence and the results of our personal observations of patients with osteochondrosis are given in the article. Symptoms of spinal cord disorders and spinal nerve root disorders such as radiculopathies and dorsalgia are described here. It is known that osteochondrosis is a widely spread disease. At this disease, not only bone and cartilage items of the spinal cord suffer but also spinal roots do which leads to pain, automatic and vegetative disorders. Radiculopathies is one of the most serious variants of pain syndromes at Vertebrology, which is accompanied with reflexive back tonic muscle tension and further productive of sudden limitation of motion. One of the main clinical implications of nerve root syndrome is dorsalgia. There are many different reasons dorsalgia may occur. They include overweight and weight lifting, besides longtime staying in uncomfortable static poses, muscle tension, sport and home traumas, diskogenic hernias and others. The mostly often-diagnosed nerve root syndromes occur in the lumbosacral region of the spine, they are manifested with back pain such as lumbago (low back pain), lumbodynia (pain in the lumbar region of the back), lumboischialgia (pain radiating to the leg). Therapeutic approach to pain syndrome involves not only pain relief, muscle relaxation and quick vocational rehabilitation, but also disease recurrence control and prevention of pain syndrome chronicity. Treatment may be divided into drug-free therapy and pharmacotherapy. Drug-free therapy includes immobility of a patient, right up to bed rest. If spinal compression syndrome occurs, constant bed lengthening, manual lengthening or self-lengthening are added and accompanied with isometric exercises. Positive analgesic effect is reached by the method of through-the-skin electro neurostimulation using impulse micro electro neurostimulation of acupuncture and, particularly, auricular electropuncture affecting with the applicator on back trigger point using silver, copper, zinc, nickel, iron and molybdenum needles; by cryo-therapy; physiotherapy, particularly, treatment with dry heat; ultraviolet irradiation; laser therapy; manual therapy and different types of massage. Pharmacotherapy at radiculopathies uses analgesic drugs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioid analgesics), counter depressants, anticonvulsants and others.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/33/S12.065

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