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BASARABI CHURCHES THE ROUTE FROM THE VAREGS TO THE GREEK - ARCHAEOLOGICAL, CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS-

D. Turcanu-Carutiu, R. M. Ion, R. Theodorescu, G. Carutiu

Abstract

The archaeologic site from Basarabi is digged into a lithological generated hill, consisting of chalks and chalky marnes, where Senonian occurs continuously over the Baremiene limestone from the valley Carasu flank, or over the Aptiene gravels. The limestone from Basarabi is compact, with variable thickness from 42 m to 95 m, and below them there are marl and limestone. It is white with flint nodule with 91% CaCO3. From geological and technical point of view, could be identified semi-hard rocks (limestone, limestone breccia, chalks, sandstone, limestone shale, etc) with hardness between 3 and 5, and compressive strength between 700-1000 kg / cm2. From mineralogical and chemical point of view, the rock is mono-mineral (CaCO3), the rock cementing is a growing process that could crystallize, these crystals having a proper optical orientation. The moisture could cause a crushing of the chalk rock, and this stone suffers over time changing his composition and structure. Due to the low resistence to freeze-thaw, the monument has been covered with cements structures or with a provisory roof, and their influence is discussed in this paper, correlated with the micro-climatic measurements of the sculpted rooms, by using a lower number of sensors well distributed inside and outside. All these parameters help to identify and stop the destroying or damaging process of many artworks from world valuable cultural and historical patrimony. In this paper the humidity effects of the wall church is analyzed, by using the results obtained through different analytical techniques (FTIR, OM, SEM, freese-thaw).

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