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THE CYTOTOXICITY STUDY OF THE COMMON PHARMACEUTICAL OR FOOD ADDITIVE
Abstract
This work has revealed dates about cytotoxic potential of benzoic acid (E210), citric acid (E330) and sodium phosphate (E339) currently used as pharmaceutical or food additive. The testing was made in experimental conditions with nauplius larvae of Artemia sp., brine shrimp biotester method. The Artemia salina bioassay was chosen because it is versatile, viable, fast and low cost screening assay. Furthermore, there is a good correlation between the in vivo and the in vitro tests, and this method is a useful tool for predicting oral acute toxicity. The biotester organisms were placed with various concentrations 20, 40, 100 and 200 ?g/mL of three excipients: benzoic acid, citric acid and sodium phosphate. Brine shrimp eggs were incubated in seawater (35 ppt), 1L vessel, at 25? C, under constant flow of oxygen and artificial light, for 24 hours, until larvae hatching. After hatching active brine shrimp larvae were transferred into Petri dishes (1mL and 3 mL volume) in diluted solutions (2-3 and 10 ppt). Each test was run in triplicate, and seawater was used as the control. Number of survivors, deaths, and nauplius with sluggish movement were recorded 24, 48 and 120 h later. The cytological study was made at Optika B-350 microscope, with Optika Vision Pro photo capture. The brine shrimps bioassay indicated that citric acid have a significant cytotoxicity potential at 24 hours at 100 and at 200 ?g/mL while benzoic acid and sodium phosphate showed a slow cytotoxic effects from 24 h to 48 h. Also, cytological evaluation revealed stop of growth and cell differentiation in abdominal zone at all excipients tested. Also, was observed significant membrane’s damage and cells vacuolization at the highest citric acid concentration. In conclusion, these results indicated an important cytological effects that are not to be ignored at administration of these excipients, especially at regenerative conditions. This study indicated that all excipients analyzed can generate, in time, cytological effects well dose-dependent.
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