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TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF KARACHAY - BALKAR PEOPLE IN THE CONTEXT OF A CULTURAL COMMUNITY OF MOUNTAINEERS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS OF THE XIV-XVII TH CENTURIES

V. Pishchulina

Abstract

Important component of fortification in system of resettlement of mountain societies were settlements. Concerning the main settlements in defense the natural factor had also defining value: - a remote location of the settlement (existence on approaches to him of natural barriers: - breaks, steep slopes, rocks); - existence of the circular review of the area surrounding the settlement; - existence of communications of the basic with seasonal settlements – the settlements located in even more hard-to-reach spots having rocky and grot shelters. High art level of architecture of Balkars and Karachay was reached by means of, on the one hand, use of standard spatial modules of mountain architecture on the basis of the archetypes, standard in the North Caucasus, and with another - individual correction of a standard form and standard schemes of her arrangement on the area in compliance with her concrete features. The combination of the general and regular and individual and concrete beginnings of house-building creativity has allowed Balkars and Karachays to create the real peculiar architectural complexes which are organically entered in the nature and possessing peculiar. In general it should be noted that - the Balkar people have exerted impact on formation of national architecture of Karachay as ancient Caucasus, leading sources since the Coban archaeological culture, and steppe, as well as Byzantine architectural traditions.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/SGEMSOCIAL2017/HB51/S17.008

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