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ENERGY SMART GRIDS AND SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT: THE PRINCIPLE OF "MAXIMUM DATA PROTECTION"
Abstract
The paper addresses the impact of smart grids on the energy sector and personal rights. Renewable conversion of the energy cycle has been deemed insufficient over time, and the production perspective has been complemented by innovation and research that have changed the transition process, which now also involves the digitization of the entire electricity system. Sustainable development is also technological, incorporating both the energy transition and the digital transition, aimed at creating an efficient electricity system that can reduce consumption, lower energy prices, protect the environment and safeguard the interests of stakeholders, both producers and consumers, especially those who are vulnerable or poor. The intertwining of the two transitions was captured, first by European legislative acts in 2009 and developed in the Fourth Energy Package, with the creation of smart grids. Smart grids, as the energy sectoral declination of the smart city model, give the electricity grid a new qualification that frees it from the merely passive vision of reducing it to the status of a means of transporting energy, to consider it as a tool for realising energy efficiency, allocating resources and protecting all those connected to it. The harmful impact of smart grids on the right to privacy and on all users’ rights of freedom imposes the need to envisage a new Euro-European energy digital law aimed at providing general rules to regulate the proper exploitation of data collected by the network, without affecting the rights of all users of the network. In the area of negative effects, it emerged that smart grids restrict the rights of the individual in terms of personal identity and personal freedom, directing the behaviour and everyday choices of all’energy consumers. Protection tools include the introduction of a special and detailed informed consent by users and the provision of non-judicial dispute resolution tools that allow for faster protection of rights.
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