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CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES: RUSSIAN AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE
Abstract
In the context of growing competition in the world market and the corresponding search for new development tools, the creation of special economic zones of various kinds contributes to the formation of poles of economic growth not only in the export and import of products, but also in the creation of industrial complexes and innovative sectors of development. Currently, the creation and functioning of special economic zones is a tool to stimulate the competitive advantages of territories, international economic cooperation, as well as an effective way to achieve openness of the national economy. Therefore, there is a process of increasing the use of the mechanism for the creation and functioning of special economic zones for the development of the economy of a particular country, aimed at the integration of special economic zones in all sectors of the economy. Thus, there is a need to study the concepts of creating and developing special economic zones as a tool for managing the economy and attracting investment in priority industries. The aim of the study is to analyze the activities of the special economic zones of Europe and Russia and develop recommendations taking into account the world experience and accumulated Russian practice. The methodological basis of the study was the methods of statistical and comparative analysis of countries in terms of the level of development and functioning of special economic zones, the monographic analysis of the concepts of the formation of special economic zones. The result of the study is a comparative analysis of Russian and international practice of forming special economic zones, as well as a comparative analysis of their functioning. The peculiarities of state regulation of the processes of creating special economic zones not only at the level of the country, but also each "zone" of a particular type are investigated. The problems and prospects for the functioning of the modern special economic zones are revealed. The practical significance of the research is based on the identification of specific conditions for the formation of special economic zones at the macro level.
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