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THE SITUATION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING FOR LABOUR EXPLOITATION IN ROMANIA
Abstract
With regard to the human trafficking phenomenon, Romania continues to be mainly a country of origin, with the highest number of people trafficked and exploited both internally and abroad in the European Union, next to Bulgaria (Eurostat, 2013). Although cross-border trafficking is predominant, during the last years the internal trafficking phenomenon became more and more visible, both with regard to sexual and labour exploitation (National Agency Against Trafficking of Persons: ANITP reports 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014). On the basis of the unfavourable economic conditions and lack of a professional education more and more people looking after seasonal or daily work in other region of the country or outside of the country. Based on a working methodology developed in the frame of the AGREE project, funded by EC under the program “Prevention of and fight against crime” (http://www.agreeproject.eu) coordinated by Center Partnership for Equality, we will present the results of qualitative field research in Romania. We will analyze the trends of the phenomenon, vulnerability factors and several characteristics of the phases of trafficking process (recruiting, transportation, details of exploitation: like accommodation, payment, working program, etc), the traffickers' strategies to retain the workers, asking for help) in the case of cross-border as well as of internal trafficking. Our results show that the increased rate of illegal labour, unemployment, poverty, corruption, lack of information and prevention services, but also the negative effect of certain laws that should protect vulnerable categories (such as the daily worker's law or the child protection law) or the missing answers from certain institutions are social factors with great impact on maintaining the labour exploitation phenomenon and also the trafficking in human beings for labour exploitation purposes, regardless of the type of exploitation, internal or external.
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