Scholarly record

GLOBALIZATION, MIGRATION, SOCIETY AND SAFETY

O.E. GALATEANU

Abstract

Starting from underlining the actual existence of a human society in full globalization process and from analyzing a phenomenon as old as time, i.e. human migration, we are trying to highlight in this study the relations that exist without any doubt between globalization and migration. At the same time, a review of the relations and effects between migration and the international community, between the religion and the culture of different societies that come into contact with the migratory phenomena, is performed. The introductory part highlights the way in which globalization is manifested and its effect - consisting in the homogenization of the development and livelihood at world level. Also, general aspects of globalization, such as methods of manifestation, the favorable and negative aspects of this process, are revealed. Some experts’ views on the negative effects of globalization are presented. At the same time, the existing EU concern for finding ways to exploit the opportunities given by globalization and for finding solutions to the problems generated by it is underlined. The following are mentioned among these: on external level, the creation of legal norms and common objectives through which to achieve a “sustainable global order” and on internal level, identifying ways of protecting European citizens and increasing their autonomy, and the use of the Union’s structural funds for protection against the negative effects of globalization in order to support the vulnerable regions and the use of the European Globalization Adjustment Fund, which aims to support displaced workers for finding new jobs. In the second section of this study, the author refers to some aspects related to the migration phenomenon, being highlighted several aspects related to the emergence and evolution of this social phenomenon. It is underlined that it has now been found that there are no world-wide states that do not enter into international migration circuits, existing states of origin, states of destination and transit, some even possessing all three characteristics. At the same time, it is highlighted that there is a great diversity of types of migration, being given as examples clandestine migration, final migration, refugees and asylum seekers and transnationalism. The idea is that the increase in the number of people crossing national borders is one of the fundamental clues for evaluating the depth of the globalization phenomenon, and that practically, “globalization has generated new migratory manifestations and increased fluidity of movements in the territory”. An analysis is made in the third part of the study on the connection between migration and the international community, underlining that migration as a form of freedom of movement is legislated at the crossroads between the domestic law norms of the states that take part in this phenomenon, and the norms of international law in the area, and the harmonization of these two categories of norms is necessary for the permanent protection of the fundamental rights and interests of individuals, regardless of their status as citizens, stateless persons or refugees. By examples referring to the American, European, African and Asian continents, the impact of migration at global level is highlighted and, further on, it is concluded upon the relation between this impact and the ongoing concern of international community members to find the best solutions for the peaceful evolution of this phenomenon, being given as example the existence of migration policies and strategies in the US, Canada, Australia, Japan, Korea, the European Union, the EU Member States such as Italy, Ireland, Spain, Greece, Germany, Lithuania, France, Austria and other states such as Israel, Switzerland. The relationship between migration and religion is analyzed in the fourth section of the study. The fear that exists at the level of the European Member States over an “Islamization of Europe” is highlighted here, due to the fact that the vast majority of the arriving migrants are of Muslim religion. The warning given to this effect by the Greek Metropolitans at a conference in Thessaloniki is given as example. Another concern highlighted as being raised by the European citizens is that of the so-called “forbidden areas” that Muslim migrants have created in the destination countries, areas where the ban practically operates for their own European citizens of those states, and the fact that the Muslim citizens do not have any intent to integrate into the host states and, instead, to establish their own societies, parallel to those of the host states. In this regard, the author exemplifies the existence in the UK of the so-called "Project of the Emirates", the situation in France and Germany where there are Muslim districts in which "forbidden areas" were created, where the control of the state institutions is inexistent and the situation in Belgium, whose Capital city is 20% Muslim. As a conclusion, the author points out that: as a result of globalization and the migration phenomenon, today's Europe is facing a strong Muslim migration, that apparently, at least, “the specific Islamic model is hardly assimilated in the Western society”, and that, while European countries do not make any efforts to include and integrate Muslim immigrants into society, the latter will not do so by their own will, but they will even disrupt the peaceful climate in the territory by their attitude. The last part of this study includes the author’s conclusions after analyzing the issues that were the subject of the study. Here it is underlined that migration is a phenomenon that has existed since the beginnings of human society and that over time, this phenomenon has evolved from a regional phenomenon, determined by natural economic and social factors, to a global phenomenon. The opinion of the author who appreciates international migration as a basic component of the current globalization is also presented here. Another view concerns the need for permanent international collaboration between the states to ensure the smooth running of the current globalized society, to shape common immigration policies for a real integration and with fewer unpleasant effects for the populations which come into contact with them, to combat illegal migration and cross-border criminality forms and to ensure a safe and beneficial development space of human society. We had studied, analyzed and interpreted various specialized papers and researched sites with information in the researched field for this study.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2019V/1.1/S12.050

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