Scholarly record

HISTORICAL FORMATION WOODEN HOUSES OF PETROPAVLOVSK FROM 19TH TO EARLY 20TH CENTURY

R.U. Chekayeva, M.G. Chekayev, S.S. Sadykova, O.N. Semenyuk, V.V. Revtova

Abstract

The article is devoted to research, the study of wooden architecture of Petropavlovsk (North Kazakhstan). The purpose of this study - to identify objects preserved wooden residential buildings; determine their importance in the preservation of the historic appearance of the city. The work is based on the historical and bibliographic information for the building of the city of Petropavlovsk, archival and field research. At the beginning of the eighteenth century the Russian state expanded its Siberian territory to the south, which was built on the borders of the military fortifications. Fortifications were actually fortresses and outposts, redoubts, connected in one line. One of them is the city of Petropavlovsk, which eventually grew into a major commercial and industrial center. The choice of location and configuration of the castle was influenced by landscape conditions and strategic requirements, starring waterway. Peter and Paul Fortress was at the crossroads of caravan routes from Russia to Western Siberia, in the central regions of Kazakhstan and Central Asia. In Petropavlovsk settled branches and representatives of foreign capital and commercial and industrial companies and banks, which led to the formation of a wealthy merchant class. Their commercial and residential buildings located in the central part of the city and considered the most beautiful in the city. Merchants and industrialists invested in building and improving cities. For the first time carried out a detailed study, the analysis of the formation and evolution of residential architecture of northern Kazakhstan, the period under review; analysis of climate, urban planning, landscaping and other external factors affecting the formation of the dwelling; identify regional particularities and common features residential architecture of the studied region; typological identification requirements for architectural-planning decisions homes, considering complex regional conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Introduced unpublished archives, graphics (full-scale measurements, sketches). The buildings in the classical style prevailing in the wooden architecture of the last century and Petropavlovsk differing severity and simplicity, long considered the background buildings and destroyed. However, many of them are the oldest objects in the city. These objects are related to the mid-nineteenth century, have historical value and are the material embodiment of the structural and technical knowledge of our ancestors. Typological features of the surviving buildings carry information about the everyday life of the people of previous eras. In addition, historical and architectural sites are the most important evidence of the ideology and the spiritual culture of the people. Wooden Floor construction of Petropavlovsk so far been little studied. Because Kazakhstan borders and closely cooperating with Russia for many years, it is necessary to emphasize the influence of Russian wooden architecture on the architecture of the home of Northern Kazakhstan. Identified because of field studies at home are often highly distorted repairs. Illiterate operation and unprofessional repair not only distort the architectural and artistic look of the building, but also lead to a deterioration of the technical condition of historic buildings. To preserve the historic buildings identified to assign them to security zones and given the status of cultural heritage.

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